We study transmitter authentication in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with non-ideal hardware for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond networks. A new channel-based authentication scheme is proposed by taking hardware impairments into account. Based on signal processing theory, we first formulate channel estimation under hardware impairments and determine error covariance matrix to assess the quantity caused by hardware impairments on authentication performance. With the help of hypothesis testing and matrix transformation theories, we are then able to derive exact expressions for the probabilities of false alarm and detection under different channel covariance matrix models. Extensive simulations are carried out to validate theoretical results and illustrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. Impacts of system parameters on performance are revealed as well.

中文翻译：

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具有硬件缺陷的大规模 MIMO 系统的物理层身份验证

我们研究了具有非理想硬件的大规模多输入多输出 (MIMO) 系统中的发射机认证，适用于第五代 (5G) 及以后的网络。考虑到硬件损伤，提出了一种新的基于信道的认证方案。基于信号处理理论，我们首先制定硬件损伤下的信道估计并确定误差协方差矩阵，以评估硬件损伤对认证性能造成的量。借助假设检验和矩阵变换理论，我们可以推导出不同信道协方差矩阵模型下误报和检测概率的精确表达式。进行了广泛的模拟以验证理论结果并说明所提出方案的效率。