This work presents an investigation on the structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of the pure and gadolinium-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method. Three methods including Debye–Scherrer, Williamson–Hall and Rietveld were used to determine the phase and structural parameters of nanoparticles with more accuracy. FESEM images were used to show the morphology of nanoparticles and their size distribution. Structural defects and their concentration, caused by gadolinium doping, were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurement. The magnetic behavior of pure and Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles was studied by measuring the magnetization for all the samples. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of both pure and Gd-doped ZnO nanoparticles were measured in the frequency range of 10 2 –10 7 Hz.

中文翻译：

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钆掺杂对氧化锌纳米粒子结构、磁性和介电性能的影响

这项工作对通过共沉淀法合成的纯和钆掺杂的 ZnO 纳米粒子的结构、磁性和介电特性进行了研究。使用 Debye-Scherrer、Williamson-Hall 和 Rietveld 三种方法更准确地确定纳米粒子的相和结构参数。FESEM 图像用于显示纳米颗粒的形态及其尺寸分布。由钆掺杂引起的结构缺陷及其浓度通过拉曼光谱测量得到证实。通过测量所有样品的磁化强度来研究纯和 Gd 掺杂的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的磁行为。在 10 2 –10 7 Hz 的频率范围内测量了纯和 Gd 掺杂的 ZnO 纳米颗粒的介电常数和介电损耗。