Temperate peatlands are regionally important for farming but long-term cultivation, as well as reforestation after intense agricultural use, can have a significant impact on their soil microbial activity and nitrogen cycles. We studied peatlands in the central part of European Russia, which initially was a swamp forest ecosystem with fairly homogeneous properties of woody peat. Different sites in the area were subsequently under different types of land use. We studied 4 sites in order of increasing management intensity: near-pristine swamp forest, a reforested site after 50 years of intensive cultivation and 2 agricultural sites with 50- and 100-year histories of agricultural use. We examined the dynamics of microbial biomass C and N, dissolved organic C and N and mineral nitrogen during the growing season (May-November). We conclude that land use type can affect the seasonal dynamics of available and microbial nitrogen by changing the vegetation cover. For peatlands covered with natural vegetation, an important feature of the seasonal dynamics of N is microbial immobilization and storage during winter. High activity of β-1,4-glucosidase and low activity of peroxidase indicate that microorganisms consume mainly nitrogen and carbon from fresh plant litter, rather than carbon and nitrogen conserved in peat. Long-term peatland agricultural use has led to significant changes in the dynamics of available and microbial nitrogen and carbon during the growing season, and land management has greatly modified the limitations of the activity of microorganisms from the availability of nitrogen (in the forest) to the availability of carbon (in arable peatland). The changes in peatlands occurred in the first years or decades of their exploitation because we did not find significant differences in any of the indicators between the arable lands used for 50 and >100 years. We found that natural reforestation for 50 years has not yet fully restored microbial activity; however, for some parameters, this site has characteristics close to those of near-pristine swamp forest.

温带的泥炭地对于农业而言在区域上很重要，但是长期耕种以及大量农业使用后的重新造林可能对其土壤微生物活性和氮循环产生重大影响。我们研究了欧洲俄罗斯中部的泥炭地，该地区最初是沼泽森林生态系统，具有相当均质的木炭泥炭。随后，该地区的不同地点使用了不同类型的土地。我们按管理强度增加的顺序研究了4个地点：近原始沼泽森林，经过50年的集约耕种的重新造林地点和2个具有50和100年农业历史的农业地点。我们在生长季节（5月至11月）检查了微生物生物量碳和氮，溶解的有机碳和氮以及矿质氮的动态。我们得出结论，土地利用类型可以通过改变植被覆盖率来影响可用氮和微生物氮的季节动态。对于覆盖有天然植被的泥炭地，氮的季节动态的重要特征是在冬季微生物的固定和存储。β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶的高活性和过氧化物酶的低活性表明，微生物主要消耗新鲜植物凋落物中的氮和碳，而不是泥炭中保留的碳和氮。长期的泥炭地农业利用已导致生长季节内可用微生物氮和碳的动态发生了显着变化，土地管理极大地改变了微生物活动的局限性，从氮的可利用性（在森林中）碳的可用性（在可耕的泥炭地中）。泥炭地的变化发生在其开发的头几年或几十年，因为我们没有发现50年和100年以上的耕地之间的任何指标存在显着差异。我们发现50年的自然造林还没有完全恢复微生物的活动。然而，就某些参数而言，该地点的特征与原始沼泽森林相近。