The ability of P. laurentii strain RY1 to remediate lead (Pb²⁺) from water was investigated in batch and column studies. The lead removal ability of non-viable biomass, non-viable biomass immobilised on agar-agar (biobeads) and agar-agar at different pH was compared in batch studies. It was found that among the three, biobeads have maximum ability to remove Pb²⁺ followed by biomass and agar-agar beads. Maximum and almost equal lead removal by biobeads was observed at both neutral and alkaline pH making it a novel and more applicable bioremediator as all other reported bioremediators have a single pH for optimum activity. Studies were performed to determine the optimum conditions for lead removal from aqueous solutions for biobeads. The physical and chemical characterization of the biobeads before and after Pb²⁺ biosorption was done by using S.E.M. and F.T.I.R. respectively. The adsorption of Pb²⁺ on biobeads obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and pseudo first order kinetics. These mean that the Pb²⁺ binding sites are identical, located on the surface of the adsorbant and the rate of Pb²⁺ removal from aqueous solution is directly proportional to the number of Pb²⁺ binding sites on the biobeads. The thermodynamics of the biosorption process is also investigated. The binding capacity of the biobeads in batch study was found to be 52.91mg/gm which is higher in comparison to other reported yeast bioremediators. The used biobeads can be desorbed using 0.1(M) CaCl₂. The desorbed biobeads can be used subsequently for several cycles of lead removal making it cost-effective. Column studies were also performed for biobeads with the help of Thomas model for examining its suitability for industrial application. Maximum specific lead uptake of the biobeads when applied in the column was found to be 58.26mg/gm which being promising makes it suitable for application in industries involved in the treatment of wastewater contaminated with high amounts of lead. The high mass transfer co-efficient indicate that small sized column can be used effectively to remove high amounts of lead which makes the bioremediation process by the biobeads more economical and advantageous for industrial application. Several factors like effectiveness of the biobeads in Pb²⁺removal at both neutral and alkaline pH, reusability, high mass transfer co-efficient, regenerability and high binding capacity makes it a novel versatile, cost–effective and high utility bioremediator.

在分批和柱研究中，研究了劳氏疟原虫菌株RY1从水中修复铅（Pb ²⁺）的能力。在批处理研究中比较了在不同pH值下固定在琼脂（biobeads）和琼脂上的非存活生物量，非存活生物量的铅去除能力。发现这三种生物珠具有最大的去除Pb ^2+的能力。其次是生物质和琼脂珠。在中性和碱性pH值下，生物珠都能最大程度地去除铅，这使其成为一种新颖且更适用的生物修复剂，因为所有其他已报道的生物修复剂都具有单一pH值以达到最佳活性。进行了研究以确定从生物珠水溶液中去除铅的最佳条件。分别使用SEM和FTIR对Pb ²⁺吸附之前和之后的生物珠进行了物理和化学表征。Pb ²⁺在生物珠上的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温线和拟一级动力学。这意味着Pb ^2+的结合位点是相同的，位于吸附剂的表面，并且Pb ²⁺的比率从水溶液中的去除与生物珠上Pb ²⁺结合位点的数量成正比。还研究了生物吸附过程的热力学。批量研究中发现的生物珠的结合能力为52.91mg / gm，与其他报道的酵母生物修复剂相比更高。可以使用0.1（M）CaCl ₂解吸使用过的生物珠。解吸的生物珠可随后用于去除铅的多个循环，从而使其具有成本效益。在托马斯模型的帮助下，还对生物珠进行了柱研究，以检查其在工业上的适用性。当应用于色谱柱时，生物珠的最大比铅摄入量为58.26mg / gm，这有希望使其适于在处理高铅污染废水的工业中应用。较高的传质系数表明，可以使用小型色谱柱有效地去除大量铅，这使得生物珠的生物修复过程更加经济，有利于工业应用。铅^2+中生物珠的有效性等几个因素在中性和碱性pH值下均可去除，可重复使用，高传质系数，可再生性和高结合能力使其成为一种新型的多功能，具有成本效益和高度实用的生物修复剂。