Abstract Organic gradient materials are an inherent part of many functional structures in the natural world. Synthetic organic materials, like polymers, are thus the perfect choice to artificially recreate these structures for functional purposes. This work reports on new high-quality gradient copolymer films via large-area deposition from the vapor phase and circumvents thus problems related to current wet chemistry approaches. It enables furthermore for the first time the transfer of this gradient approach to the nanoscale, introducing a new class of organic gradient nanomaterials. This facilitates completely new organic gradient functionality on the nanoscale, not achievable with materials currently in use. Fully functional gradient films of 21 nm have been synthesized, which open up new pathways for many application fields. Their versatility is demonstrated by some application examples ranging from every day life (adhesion of PTFE in frypans) to advanced subwavelength devices on large-area substrates as well as complex geometries.

中文翻译：

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通过气相单步沉积制备纳米级梯度共聚物薄膜

摘要 有机梯度材料是自然界许多功能结构的固有组成部分。因此，合成有机材料，如聚合物，是出于功能目的人工重建这些结构的完美选择。这项工作报告了通过气相大面积沉积获得的新型高质量梯度共聚物薄膜，从而避免了与当前湿化学方法相关的问题。此外，它还首次将这种梯度方法转移到纳米尺度，引入了一类新的有机梯度纳米材料。这有助于在纳米尺度上实现全新的有机梯度功能，这是目前使用的材料无法实现的。已经合成了 21 nm 的全功能梯度薄膜，这为许多应用领域开辟了新的途径。