Study of early human embryo development is essential for advancing reproductive and regenerative medicine. Traditional human embryological studies rely on embryonic tissue specimens, which are difficult to acquire due to technical challenges and ethical restrictions. The availability of human stem cells with developmental potentials comparable to pre-implantation and peri-implantation human embryonic and extraembryonic cells, together with properly engineered in vitro culture environments, allow for the first time researchers to generate self-organized multicellular structures in vitro that mimic the structural and molecular features of their in vivo counterparts. The development of these stem cell-based, synthetic human embryo models offers a paradigm-shifting experimental system for quantitative measurements and perturbations of multicellular development, critical for advancing human embryology and reproductive and regenerative medicine without using intact human embryos.

中文翻译：

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人工合成人类胚胎学：走向定量的未来。

对人类早期胚胎发育的研究对于推进生殖和再生医学至关重要。传统的人类胚胎学研究依赖于胚胎组织标本，由于技术挑战和道德限制，很难获得这些标本。具有可与植入前和植入前人类胚胎和胚外细胞媲美的发展潜力的人类干细胞，再加上经过适当设计的体外培养环境，使研究人员首次能够在体外产生可模仿的自组织多细胞结构其体内对应物的结构和分子特征。这些基于干细胞的开发，