Amino acids are important molecules in fish nutrition with critical roles in protein synthesis, immune function and health. Among the essential amino acids, arginine is one of the functional amino acids in animals. Arginine requirement in fish ranges between 3.0 and 8.1% of dietary protein. The amino acid involves in ureagenesis, immune function, antioxidant defence, somatotropic axis, stress responses and ammonia detoxification in fish. To have an extended insight about the current knowledge of arginine effects in fish, this article reviewed available data on arginine effects in different fish species. It covers variations in arginine requirements of different fish species, interaction of arginine with lysine and glutamine, modulation of ureagenesis and ammonia detoxification, modulation of insulin and growth hormone responses, cortisol response, modulation of antioxidant system, immune responses and disease resistance. This review indicates that rearing conditions and dietary ingredients may affect fish arginine requirement. In addition, there is a need for further data about the antioxidant effects of arginine under oxidative condition, its immunostimulant effects under pathogenic challenge, mechanisms of ammonia detoxification and cortisol response by arginine in different fish species.

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精氨酸在鱼类营养和健康中的作用：未来研究的见解

氨基酸是鱼类营养中的重要分子，对蛋白质合成，免疫功能和健康至关重要。在必需氨基酸中，精氨酸是动物中的功能性氨基酸之一。鱼中精氨酸的需求量为膳食蛋白质的3.0％至8.1％。氨基酸涉及鱼的尿素生成，免疫功能，抗氧化剂防御，促生长轴，应激反应和氨解毒。为了深入了解鱼类中精氨酸作用的当前知识，本文回顾了有关不同鱼类中精氨酸作用的可用数据。它涵盖了不同鱼类的精氨酸需求量变化，精氨酸与赖氨酸和谷氨酰胺的相互作用，调节尿素生成和氨解毒，调节胰岛素和生长激素的反应，皮质醇的反应，调节抗氧化系统，免疫反应和抗病性。该评论表明饲养条件和饮食成分可能会影响鱼精氨酸的需求。此外，还需要有关精氨酸在氧化条件下的抗氧化作用，在病原体攻击下的免疫刺激作用，精氨酸在不同鱼类中的氨解毒机理和皮质醇反应的进一步数据。