The footprint of tomato cultivation, a cool region crop that exhibits heat stress (HS) sensitivity, is increasing in the tropics/sub‐tropics. Knowledge of novel regulatory hot spots from varieties growing in the Indian sub‐continent climatic zones could be vital for developing HS‐resilient crops. Comparative transcriptome‐wide signatures of a tolerant (CLN1621L) and sensitive (CA4) cultivar pair shortlisted from a pool of varieties exhibiting variable thermo‐sensitivity using physiological‐, survival‐ and yield‐related traits revealed redundant to cultivar‐specific HS regulation. The antagonistically expressing genes encode enzymes and proteins that have roles in plant defence and abiotic stresses. Functional characterization of three antagonistic genes by overexpression and silencing established Solyc09g014280 (Acylsugar acyltransferase) and Solyc07g056570 (Notabilis) that are up‐regulated in tolerant cultivar, as positive regulators of HS tolerance and Solyc03g020030 (Pin‐II proteinase inhibitor), that are down‐regulated in CLN1621L, as negative regulator of thermotolerance. Transcriptional assessment of promoters of these genes by SNPs in stress‐responsive cis‐elements and promoter swapping experiments in opposite cultivar background showed inherent cultivar‐specific orchestration of transcription factors in regulating transcription. Moreover, overexpression of three ethylene response transcription factors (ERF.C1/F4/F5) also improved HS tolerance in tomato. This study identifies several novel HS tolerance genes and provides proof of their utility in tomato thermotolerance.

中文翻译：

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印度次大陆番茄耐热应激新型调节剂的表征。

番茄是一种对热应激 (HS) 敏感的凉爽地区作物，其种植足迹在热带/亚热带地区正在增加。了解印度次大陆气候区种植品种的新监管热点对于开发抗 H2S 作物至关重要。从一系列表现出可变热敏感性的品种中入围的耐性 (CLN1621L) 和敏感 (CA4) 品种对的全转录组特征的比较，使用生理、生存和产量相关性状显示了对品种特异性 HS 调节的冗余。拮抗表达基因编码在植物防御和非生物胁迫中发挥作用的酶和蛋白质。通过过表达和沉默对三个拮抗基因进行功能表征，建立了 Solyc09g014280（酰基糖酰基转移酶）和 Solyc07g056570（Notabilis），它们在耐受品种中上调，作为 HS 耐受性的正调节剂，而 Solyc03g020030（Pin-II 蛋白酶抑制剂）则下调。在 CLN1621L 中调节，作为耐热性的负调节剂。通过胁迫响应顺式元件中的单核苷酸多态性（SNP）对这些基因启动子的转录评估以及相反品种背景下的启动子交换实验显示了转录因子在调节转录过程中固有的品种特异性编排。此外，三种乙烯反应转录因子（ERF.C1/F4/F5）的过表达也提高了番茄的HS耐受性。这项研究鉴定了几种新的 HS 耐受基因，并证明了它们在番茄耐热性中的实用性。