Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes gonorrhoea, a sexually transmitted infection, which was highlighted as an urgent public health threat by the World Health Organization in 2012. Of the 357 million new cases of treatable sexually transmitted diseases per year (gonorrhoea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis), N. gonorrhoeae caused 78 million cases globally [1]. The effects of gonococcal disease are seen predominantly in women and children. High levels of disability-adjusted life-years due to persistent urethritis, cervicitis, proctitis, and disseminated infections that lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, first-trimester abortion, ectopic pregnancy, and maternal death have been predicted by the World Health Organization to increase significantly because of the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) N. gonorrhoeae [1]. As there is no natural immunity conferred by infection, individuals can contract the disease multiple times throughout their lifetime. Antibiotic treatment has led to the development of MDR N. gonorrhoeae, which have developed resistance to all major categories of clinically used antibiotics, including first-line extended spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin, resulting in treatment failures [1].

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金发姑娘区：寻找重组淋病奈瑟氏球菌的系统发育方法

淋病奈瑟氏球菌引起性淋病，这是一种性传播感染，2012年被世界卫生组织（WHO）列为紧急公共卫生威胁。在每年3.57亿可治疗的性传播疾病新病例中（性淋病，梅毒，衣原体和滴虫病），淋病奈瑟氏球菌在全球造成7800万例[1]。淋球菌病的影响主要发生在妇女和儿童中。据世界卫生组织预测，由于持续性尿道炎，宫颈炎，直肠炎和弥漫性感染导致盆腔炎，不孕，早孕流产，异位妊娠和产妇死亡，残疾调整生命年的水平很高，由于耐多药性淋病奈瑟氏球菌的传播，病原菌的数量显着增加[1]。由于没有因感染而产生的天然免疫力，因此个体可以在一生中多次感染该疾病。抗生素治疗导致了耐多药性淋病奈瑟氏球菌的发展，该病对所有主要类别的临床使用的抗生素都有抗药性，包括一线扩展谱头孢菌素和阿奇霉素，导致治疗失败[1]。