OBJECTIVE Here, we investigate whether cortical activation predicts motor side effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and whether these potential biomarkers have utility under general anesthesia. METHODS We recorded scalp potentials elicited by DBS during surgery (n = 11), both awake and under general anesthesia, and in an independent ambulatory cohort (n = 8). Across a range of stimulus configurations, we measured the amplitude and timing of short- and long-latency response components and linked them to motor side effects. RESULTS Regardless of anesthesia state, in both cohorts, DBS settings with capsular side effects elicited early responses with peak latencies clustering at <1 ms. This early response was preserved under anesthesia in all participants (11/11). In contrast, the long-latency components were suppressed completely in 6/11 participants. Finally, the latency of the earliest response could predict the presence of postoperative motor side effects both awake and under general anesthesia (84.8% and 75.8% accuracy, awake and under anesthesia, respectively). CONCLUSION DBS elicits short-latency cortical activation, both awake and under general anesthesia, which appears to reveal interactions between the stimulus and the corticospinal tract. SIGNIFICANCE Short-latency evoked cortical activity can potentially be used to aid both DBS lead placement and post-operative programming.

中文翻译：

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丘脑深部脑刺激诱发皮质活动的潜伏期作为术后运动副作用的潜在生物标志物

目的 在这里，我们调查皮质激活是否预测深部脑刺激 (DBS) 的运动副作用，以及这些潜在的生物标志物在全身麻醉下是否有用。方法 我们记录了 DBS 在手术期间（n = 11）、清醒和全身麻醉以及独立的门诊队列（n = 8）中引起的头皮电位。在一系列刺激配置中，我们测量了短延迟和长延迟响应分量的幅度和时间，并将它们与运动副作用联系起来。结果 无论麻醉状态如何，在两个队列中，具有包膜副作用的 DBS 设置都引起了早期反应，峰值延迟聚集在 <1 毫秒。所有参与者在麻醉下都保留了这种早期反应 (11/11)。相比之下，6/11 参与者的长延迟成分被完全抑制。最后，最早反应的潜伏期可以预测清醒和全身麻醉下术后运动副作用的存在（准确率分别为 84.8% 和 75.8%，清醒和麻醉下）。结论 DBS 会在清醒和全身麻醉下引发短潜伏期皮质激活，这似乎揭示了刺激与皮质脊髓束之间的相互作用。意义 短潜伏期诱发的皮层活动可潜在地用于帮助 DBS 导线放置和术后编程。结论 DBS 会在清醒和全身麻醉下引发短潜伏期皮质激活，这似乎揭示了刺激与皮质脊髓束之间的相互作用。意义 短潜伏期诱发的皮层活动可潜在地用于帮助 DBS 导线放置和术后编程。结论 DBS 会在清醒和全身麻醉下引发短潜伏期皮质激活，这似乎揭示了刺激与皮质脊髓束之间的相互作用。意义 短潜伏期诱发的皮层活动可潜在地用于帮助 DBS 导线放置和术后编程。