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Two-step sub/supercritical water and ethanol processes for non- catalytic biodiesel production
Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cep.2020.107881
Aso A. Hassan , Hayder. A. Alhameedi , Joseph D. Smith

The catalyst-free two-step process has been developed for biodiesel production using low-grade feedstocks. The first step consists of triglycerides hydrolysis under subcritical water conditions to generate and increase free fatty acid (FFA) content for ethyl ester production. In its subcritical state, water can be used as both a solvent and a reactant for the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The hydrolyzed product mixture is separated by decantation into the oil phase of FFA (upper layer) and a water phase that contains glycerol (lower layer). In the second step, the hydrolyzed products of free fatty acids were successfully esterified to their ethyl ester in supercritical ethanol conditions without any catalyst. Under the sub- and supercritical conditions of water and ethanol, the hydrolysis and the esterification reactions proceed quickly, with a conversion of greater than 98 % after 10−20 min. This two-step process for biodiesel production offers several advantages, such as milder reaction conditions and pollution reduction due to the use of water instead of organic solvents. Also, the glycerol is removed after the hydrolysis reaction so that the backward reaction between the glycerol and the ethyl ester disappears, and lead to the biodiesel yield and quality improvement. The aim of this study is making a comparison between our previous one-step process and the two-step reaction process to find the best pathway for designing and building an integrated reactor. Indeed, the two-step process is more applicable for low-grade feedstocks with a high amount of FFA and water.



中文翻译:

用于非催化生物柴油生产的两步亚/超临界水和乙醇工艺

已经开发出了无催化剂的两步法,用于使用低级原料生产生物柴油。第一步包括在亚临界水条件下水解甘油三酸酯,以生成和增加用于生产乙酯的游离脂肪酸(FFA)含量。在亚临界状态下,水可以用作甘油三酸酯水解的溶剂和反应物。通过倾析将水解的产物混合物分离成FFA的油相(上层)和含有甘油的水相(下层)。第二步,在没有任何催化剂的情况下,在超临界乙醇条件下将游离脂肪酸的水解产物成功酯化为乙酯。在水和乙醇的亚临界和超临界条件下,水解和酯化反应会迅速进行,10-20分钟后转化率大于98%。这种用于生物柴油生产的两步过程具有多个优点,例如,较温和的反应条件和由于用水代替有机溶剂而导致的污染减少。另外,在水解反应后除去甘油,从而甘油与乙酯之间的逆反应消失,生物柴油的收率和品质提高。这项研究的目的是比较我们以前的一步法和两步反应法,以找到设计和建造集成反应器的最佳途径。实际上,两步法更适用于具有大量FFA和水的低级原料。这种用于生物柴油生产的两步过程具有多个优点,例如,较温和的反应条件和由于用水代替有机溶剂而导致的污染减少。另外,在水解反应后除去甘油,从而甘油与乙酯之间的逆反应消失,生物柴油的收率和品质提高。这项研究的目的是比较我们以前的一步法和两步反应法,以找到设计和建造集成反应器的最佳途径。实际上,两步法更适用于具有大量FFA和水的低级原料。这种分两步生产生物柴油的方法具有许多优势,例如反应条件温和,并且由于用水代替有机溶剂而减少了污染。另外,在水解反应后除去甘油,从而甘油与乙酯之间的逆反应消失,生物柴油的收率和品质提高。这项研究的目的是比较我们以前的一步法和两步反应法,以找到设计和建造集成反应器的最佳途径。实际上,两步法更适用于具有大量FFA和水的低级原料。水解反应后,甘油被去除,甘油和乙酯之间的逆反应消失,生物柴油的收率和质量得到提高。这项研究的目的是比较我们以前的一步法和两步反应法,以找到设计和建造集成反应器的最佳途径。实际上,两步法更适用于具有大量FFA和水的低级原料。水解反应后,甘油被除去,甘油与乙酯之间的逆反应消失,生物柴油的收率和品质提高。这项研究的目的是比较我们以前的一步法和两步反应法,以找到设计和建造集成反应器的最佳途径。实际上,两步法更适用于具有大量FFA和水的低级原料。

更新日期:2020-03-12
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