A base-mediated [4 + 2] annulation of 2-nitrobenzofurans, 2-nitrobenzothiophenes, 3-nitrobenzothiophenes, and 3-nitroindoles with α,α-dicyanoalkenes for the synthesis of structurally diverse dibenzoheterocyclic compounds was developed. The reaction proceeded smoothly via a tandem vinylogous Michael addition/cyclization/tautomerization/elimination process in water with cesium carbonate as base, affording a wide range of dibenzofurans, dibenzothiophenes and carbazoles in good to high yields. The synthetic potential of the methodology was demonstrated by the scale-up experiment and versatile transformations of the products. The optical property of the polyheterocyclic aromatic products was also preliminarily investigated.

开发了碱介导的2-硝基苯并呋喃，2-硝基苯并噻吩，3-硝基苯并噻吩和3-硝基吲哚与α，α-二氰基烯烃的[4 + 2]环合反应，用于合成结构多样的二苯并杂环化合物。该反应通过在碳酸铯为碱的水中进行串联乙烯基乙烯基迈克尔加成/环化/互变异构/消除过程而顺利进行，从而以高收率得到了广泛的二苯并呋喃，二苯并噻吩和咔唑。该方法的综合潜力已通过放大实验和产品的多种用途转化得到证明。还初步研究了多杂环芳族产物的光学性质。