The question of whether or not voters actually verify ballots produced by ballot marking devices (BMDs) is presently the subject of some controversy. Recent studies (e.g., Bernhard, et al. 2020) suggest the verification rate is low. What is not clear from previous research is whether this is more a result of voters being unable to do so accurately or whether this is because voters simply choose not to attempt verification in the first place. In order to understand this problem, we conducted an experiment in which 108 participants participated in a mock election where the BMD displayed the voters' true choices, but then changed a subset of those choices on the printed ballot. The design of the printed ballot, the length of the ballot, the number of changes that were made to the ballot, the location of those changes, and the instructions provided to the voters were manipulated as part of the experiment. Results indicated that of those voters who chose to examine the printed ballot, 76% detected anomalies, indicating that voters can reliably detect errors on their ballot if they will simply review it. This suggests that administrative remedies, rather than attempts to alter fundamental human perceptual capabilities, could be employed to encourage voters to check their ballots, which could prove as an effective countermeasure.

中文翻译：

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BMD选票的选民验证是一个由两部分组成的问题：他们可以吗？大多数情况下，他们可以。他们吗？大多数情况下，他们不

选民是否实际验证选票标记设备 (BMD) 产生的选票的问题目前存在争议。最近的研究（例如 Bernhard 等人，2020 年）表明验证率很低。从先前的研究中不清楚的是，这是否更多是因为选民无法准确做到这一点，还是因为选民根本就选择不首先尝试验证。为了理解这个问题，我们进行了一项实验，其中 108 名参与者参加了一个模拟选举，其中 BMD 显示了选民的真实选择，然后在打印的选票上更改了这些选择的一个子集。印制选票的设计、选票的长度、对选票进行的更改次数、这些更改的位置，作为实验的一部分，提供给选民的指示被操纵。结果表明，在选择检查打印选票的选民中，76% 检测到异常情况，这表明选民只要简单地检查选票就可以可靠地发现选票上的错误。这表明行政补救措施，而不是试图改变人类基本感知能力，可以用来鼓励选民检查他们的选票，这可能被证明是一种有效的对策。