Preschool ADHD symptoms have predictive utility for later presence of ADHD diagnoses (Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 349; Lahey et al., 2004, American Journal of Psychiatry, 161(11), 2014), yet some level of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are present even in typically developing preschoolers. Physical activity (PA) is known to have a broad spectrum of positive effects on the brain in school‐age typically developing children (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010, The association between school based physical activity, including physical education, and academic performance. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services), including functions impaired by ADHD (Halperin, Berwid, & O'Neill, 2014, Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 23, 899), yet links between PA and ADHD levels and impairments have rarely been studied in either typically developing or at‐risk preschool children. Importantly, impaired processing speed (PS), though not a symptom of ADHD, is a robust neuropsychological correlate (Willcutt & Bidwell, 2011, Treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Assessment and intervention in developmental context. Kingston, NJ: Civic Research Institute) that may indicate additional risk for ADHD. Hence, we examined whether baseline PS moderates the association between preschoolers' PA, specifically moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA), and changes in ADHD levels and related behaviors.

中文翻译：

---

中到剧烈的体力活动和处理速度：预测学龄前儿童 ADHD 水平和相关损伤的适应性变化

学龄前 ADHD 症状对以后出现 ADHD 诊断具有预测效用（Harvey, Youngwirth, Thakar, & Errazuriz, 2009, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 77, 349; Lahey et al., 2004, American Journal of Psychiatry , 161(11) ), 2014)，但即使在典型的学龄前儿童中也存在一定程度的注意力不集中、多动和冲动。众所周知，体育活动 (PA) 对学龄儿童的大脑具有广泛的积极影响（疾病控制和预防中心，2010 年，学校体育活动（包括体育教育）与学业成绩之间的关联）. 佐治亚州亚特兰大：美国卫生与公共服务部），包括受 ADHD 影响的功能（Halperin、Berwid 和 O'Neill，2014 年，北美儿童和青少年精神病诊所，23, 899），但 PA 和 ADHD 之间的联系很少对正常发育或有风险的学龄前儿童进行研究。重要的是，处理速度 (PS) 受损，虽然不是 ADHD 的症状，但与神经心理学密切相关（Willcutt & Bidwell，2011 年，治疗注意力缺陷多动障碍：发育环境中的评估和干预）. 新泽西州金斯顿：公民研究所），这可能表明多动症的额外风险。因此，我们检查了基线 PS 是否可以调节学龄前儿童的 PA，特别是中度至剧烈 PA (MVPA) 与 ADHD 水平和相关行为的变化之间的关联。