Enzyme engineering is a powerful tool to fine-tune the enzymes. It is a technique by which the stability, activity, and specificity of the enzymes can be altered. The characteristic properties of an enzyme can be amended by immobilization and protein engineering. Among them, protein engineering is the most promising, as in addition to amending the stability and activity, it is the only way to modulate the specificity and stereoselectivity of enzymes. The current review sheds light on protein engineering and the approaches applied for it on the basis of the degree of knowledge of structure and function of enzymes. Enzymes, which have been engineered are also discussed in detail and categorized on the basis of their respective applications. This will give a better insight into the revolutionary changes brought by protein engineering of enzymes in various industrial and environmental processes.

中文翻译：

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酶工程：重塑生物催化功能。

酶工程是微调酶的强大工具。这是一种可以改变酶的稳定性、活性和特异性的技术。酶的特性可以通过固定化和蛋白质工程来改变。其中，蛋白质工程是最有前景的，因为它除了可以改善稳定性和活性外，也是调节酶特异性和立体选择性的唯一途径。当前的综述基于对酶的结构和功能的了解程度，阐明了蛋白质工程及其应用方法。还详细讨论了经过工程改造的酶，并根据其各自的应用进行了分类。