Abstract Previous studies demonstrated an introduction of building opening could decrease the tsunami loads on the external wall. However, tsunami waves flowing through the building opening could induce loads on the interior part. This study presented an experimental investigation of tsunami flow through a real building with opening. Three nominal wave conditions with wave overtopping and non-overtopping cases were tested to study its effects in combination with each configuration with opening sizes ranging from 15% to 35%. The tsunami-like wave pressures on an internal wall with varying locations were measured in the experiment. Finally, methodologies for estimating tsunami force on an internal wall were proposed. Results showed that the front opening size and the location of an internal wall significantly influenced the induced loads on the internal wall's front face. A new measure of the wake clearance angle was developed to best quantify each configuration. The maximum front face force on an internal wall manifested a linear trend with an increasing wake clearance angle up to a maximum force of approximately 4.8 times the hydrostatic force. Conversely, a dimensionless factor of front to back opening ratio was proposed, considering the effect of both front and back openings to determine the force on an internal wall's back face, where an increase in the front to back ratio tended to increase the maximum back face force in a non-linear trend.

中文翻译：

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具有不同开口和墙体结构的建筑物内墙海啸荷载的实验研究

摘要 以往的研究表明，引入建筑开口可以减少外墙的海啸荷载。然而，流经建筑物开口的海啸波可能会对内部产生负荷。本研究展示了通过真实建筑物的海啸流动的实验研究。测试了波浪超顶和非超顶情况下的三种标称波浪条件，以研究其与开口尺寸范围为 15% 至 35% 的每种配置相结合的效果。在实验中测量了具有不同位置的内壁上的类似海啸的波浪压力。最后，提出了估算内墙海啸力的方法。结果表明，前开口尺寸和内墙的位置显着影响了内墙正面的诱导载荷。开发了一种新的尾流间隙角测量方法，以最好地量化每种配置。内壁上的最大正面力呈线性趋势，尾流间隙角增加，最大力约为静水压力的 4.8 倍。相反，提出了前后开口比的无量纲因子，考虑前后开口的影响来确定内墙背面的力，其中前后比的增加倾向于增加最大背面力呈非线性趋势。开发了一种新的尾流间隙角测量方法，以最好地量化每种配置。内壁上的最大正面力呈线性趋势，尾流间隙角增加，最大力约为静水压力的 4.8 倍。相反，提出了前后开口比的无量纲因子，考虑前后开口的影响来确定内墙背面的力，其中前后比的增加倾向于增加最大背面力呈非线性趋势。开发了一种新的尾流间隙角测量方法，以最好地量化每种配置。内壁上的最大正面力呈线性趋势，尾流间隙角增加，最大力约为静水压力的 4.8 倍。相反，提出了前后开口比的无量纲因子，考虑前后开口的影响来确定内墙背面的力，其中前后比的增加倾向于增加最大背面力呈非线性趋势。