INTRODUCTION A high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. However, existing screening questionnaires for OSA haven't been validated in this population and the impact of OSA on schizophrenia symptoms has rarely been studied. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and impact of OSA in patients with schizophrenia and validate the existing OSA screening scales. METHOD Patients with schizophrenia consecutively admitted to hospital (n = 51) and patients with schizophrenia and obesity (n = 31) were compared to healthy controls (n = 51). Apnea risk was measured with STOP-BANG, NoSAS, No-Apnea, and the Berlin Questionnaire; psychiatric symptoms were measured with the PANSS and Calgary scales and B-CATS battery. Daytime sleepiness was measured with the Epworth sleepiness scale. OSA was diagnosed using the Embletta system. RESULTS OSA was found more frequently in obese schizophrenia patients than in those consecutively admitted to hospital (45% vs. 22%, p < 0.05). Significant differences between patients with and without OSA were found on the PANSS negative symptoms subscale, B-CATS digit symbol test, and in daytime sleepiness. None of the used screening scales showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Obesity with coexisting neck circumference ≥41 cm in women or ≥43 cm in men (BMI-NECK model) predicted OSA in 57% of cases. CONCLUSIONS OSA should be screened in patients with schizophrenia as it has a negative influence on psychiatric symptoms and may contribute to the higher mortality of these patients. Assessment of BMI and neck circumference proves a good screening test in ambulatory contexts.

中文翻译：

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BMI-NECK：精神分裂症阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停风险的简单评估。

引言精神分裂症患者发生阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）的风险很高。但是，现有的OSA筛查问卷尚未在该人群中得到验证，并且很少研究OSA对精神分裂症症状的影响。这项研究旨在调查精神分裂症患者中OSA的患病率和影响，并验证现有的OSA筛查量表。方法将连续入院的精神分裂症患者（n = 51）以及精神分裂症和肥胖症患者（n = 31）与健康对照组（n = 51）进行比较。使用STOP-BANG，NoSAS，No-Apnea和Berlin问卷来测量呼吸暂停风险；使用PANSS和卡尔加里量表以及B-CATS电池测量精神病症状。用Epworth嗜睡量表测量白天的嗜睡程度。使用Embletta系统诊断出OSA。结果肥胖型精神分裂症患者的OSA发生率高于连续住院的患者（45％比22％，p <0.05）。在PANSS阴性症状量表，B-CATS数字符号测试和白天嗜睡中，发现有OSA和无OSA的患者之间存在显着差异。使用的筛选量表均未显示令人满意的敏感性和特异性。女性合并颈围≥41cm或男性≥43cm（BMI-NECK模型）的肥胖症预测OSA占57％。结论应对精神分裂症患者进行OSA筛查，因为它对精神症状有负面影响，并可能导致这些患者的更高死亡率。评估BMI和颈围证明是在非卧床环境中的良好筛查测试。