Piezotronic effect has been thought as a general approach for building high performance hybrid photocatalysts by integrating semiconductor nanostructures on piezoelectric materials. Although polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been widely applied as a flexible piezoelectric material, it is thought that assembling inorganic semiconductor nanostructures on PVDF surface is promising owing to the high hydrophobic property of PVDF. In this study, we proposed that the coordination effect between a metal ion and an exposed fluorine atom on the surface of PVDF can be used to assemble a layer of photocatalytic metal oxide nanostructures on the PVDF film surface. Using Sn₃O₄ as a model oxide, a Sn₃O₄/PVDF hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst was successfully synthesized. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy results confirmed the existence of coordinated bonds between F ions and metal ions, which could explain the stable growth of inorganic nanostructures on the hydrophobic surface of PVDF. At the interface between Sn₃O₄ and PVDF in the hybrid nanostructured photocatalyst, a built-in electric field was constructed on the basis of the ferroelectric field of the PVDF film, which induced an enhanced photocatalytic property. Most importantly, the swing driven by flowing water can considerably enhance photocatalytic properties owing to the piezotronic effect-driven alternating reconstruction of built-in electric field induced by the deformation of PVDF film. This study provides an approach for the synthesis of metal oxide semiconductor nanostructures on hydrophobic PVDF polymer surface. The developed material will have many applications in the photodegradation of organic pollutants in waste water.

压电效应被认为是通过在压电材料上集成半导体纳米结构来构建高性能混合光催化剂的一般方法。尽管聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）已被广泛地用作柔性压电材料，但是由于PVDF的高疏水性，据认为在PVDF表面上组装无机半导体纳米结构是有希望的。在这项研究中，我们提出金属离子与PVDF表面上暴露的氟原子之间的配位效应可用于在PVDF薄膜表面上组装一层光催化金属氧化物纳米结构。使用Sn ₃ O ₄作为模型氧化物，Sn ₃ O ₄/ PVDF杂化纳米结构光催化剂已成功合成。X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和拉曼光谱结果证实了F离子和金属离子之间存在配位键，这可以解释无机纳米结构在PVDF疏水表面上的稳定生长。在Sn ₃ O ₄之间的界面杂化纳米结构光催化剂中的PVDF和PVDF，在PVDF膜的铁电场的基础上构建了一个内置电场，从而增强了光催化性能。最重要的是，由于压电效应驱动的PVDF薄膜变形引起的内置电场的交替重构，由流动水驱动的摆动可以大大增强光催化性能。这项研究提供了一种在疏水PVDF聚合物表面上合成金属氧化物半导体纳米结构的方法。所开发的材料将在废水中的有机污染物的光降解中具有许多应用。