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Xylem vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling: ecological significance of porosity types and other traits
Ecological Monographs ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-13 , DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1410
Mark Olson 1 , Julieta A. Rosell 2 , Cecilia Martínez‐Pérez 1 , Calixto León‐Gómez 1 , Alex Fajardo 3 , Sandrine Isnard 4, 5 , María Angélica Cervantes‐Alcayde 1 , Alberto Echeverría 1 , Víctor A. Figueroa‐Abundiz 1 , Alí Segovia‐Rivas 1 , Santiago Trueba 4, 5, 6 , Karen Vázquez‐Segovia 2
Affiliation  

Flowering plants predominantly conduct water in tubes known as vessels, with vessel diameter playing a crucial role in plant adaptation to climate and reactions to climate change. The importance of vessels makes it essential to understand how and why vessel diameter, plant height, and other ecological factors are interrelated. Although shoot length is by far the main driver of variation in mean vessel diameter across angiosperms, much remains to be understood regarding the factors accounting for the abundant variation around the y‐axis in plots of mean species vessel diameter against shoot length. Here, we explore the potential role of porosity types, wood density, leaf phenology, background imperforate tracheary element type, vasicentric tracheids, vascular tracheids, perforation plate type, and successive cambia in causing variation in the y‐intercept or slope of the mean species vessel‐diameter– and vessel‐density–shoot‐length associations at the shoot tip and base. We detected numerous cases of ecologically significant variation. For example, latewood vessels of ring porous species scale with a lower slope than earlywood, i.e., latewood vessels are relatively narrow in taller plants. This pattern is likely the result of selection favoring freezing‐induced embolism resistance via narrow vessels. Wood density was negatively associated with vessel diameter, with low wood density plants having wider vessels for a given height. Species with scalariform perforation plates scale with a lower shoot base vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length slope, likely reflecting selection against scalariform plates in wide vessels. In other cases, functional groups scaled similarly. For example, species with successive cambia did not differ from those with conventional single cambia in their mean vessel‐diameter–shoot‐length scaling, rejecting our prediction that species with successive cambia should have narrower vessels for a given shoot length. They did, however, have fewer vessels per unit shoot cross‐sectional area than plants of similar heights, likely because vessels have longer functional lifespans (and therefore are fewer) in species with successive cambia. Our methods illustrate how vessel diameter can be studied taking shoot length into account to detect ecologically important variation and construct theory regarding plant adaptation via the hydraulic system that includes plant size as a vital element.

中文翻译:

木质部容器直径-射程长度定标:孔隙度类型和其他特征的生态意义

开花植物主要在称为容器的管中传导水,容器的直径在植物适应气候变化和对气候变化的反应中起着至关重要的作用。容器的重要性使得必须了解容器直径,植物高度和其他生态因素如何以及为何相互关联。尽管到目前为止,茎长是整个被子植物平均血管直径变化的主要驱动因素,但关于造成y周围大量变化的因素,仍有很多地方尚待理解物种平均血管直径对苗长的曲线图中的轴。在这里,我们探讨了孔隙度类型,木材密度,叶片物候学,背景无孔气管元素类型,垂直中心气管,血管脉管,穿孔板类型和连续的坎比亚在引起y变异方面的潜在作用。茎尖和基部平均物种的容器直径与容器密度,射向长度的关联的截距或斜率。我们发现了无数生态显着变化的案例。例如,具有环状多孔性的硬木容器的鳞片的倾斜度比早木的斜率低,也就是说,在较高的植物中,硬木容器相对较窄。这种模式可能是由于选择有利于通过狭窄的血管进行冷冻诱导的抗栓塞性的结果。木材密度与容器直径呈负相关,对于给定高度,低木材密度的植物具有较宽的容器。带有标尺孔板的物种以较低的芽基容器直径直射长度斜率缩放,这可能反映了在宽容器中对标尺板的选择。在其他情况下,功能组的规模也类似。例如,具有连续偏斜的物种的平均血管直径-拍射长度比例与传统单一偏斜的物种没有什么不同,拒绝了我们的预测,对于给定的芽长,具有连续偏斜的物种应该具有较窄的脉管。但是,与具有相同高度的植物相比,它们的单位芽横截面面积确实有较少的容器,这可能是由于在具有连续偏斜的物种中,容器具有较长的功能寿命(因此较少)。我们的方法说明了如何通过考虑芽的长度来研究容器直径,以检测具有生态学意义的重要变化,并通过液压系统构建关于植物适应性的理论,其中包括植物大小作为重要要素。拒绝了我们的预测,即对于给定的芽长,具有连续偏斜的物种应该具有较窄的血管。但是,与具有相同高度的植物相比,它们的单位芽横截面面积确实有较少的容器,这可能是由于在具有连续偏斜的物种中,容器具有较长的功能寿命(因此也较少)。我们的方法说明了如何通过考虑芽的长度来研究容器直径,以检测具有生态学意义的重要变化,并通过液压系统构建关于植物适应性的理论,其中包括植物大小作为重要要素。拒绝了我们的预测,即对于给定的芽长,具有连续偏斜的物种应该具有较窄的血管。但是,与具有相同高度的植物相比,它们的单位芽横截面面积确实有较少的容器,这可能是由于在具有连续偏斜的物种中,容器具有较长的功能寿命(因此也较少)。我们的方法说明了如何通过考虑芽的长度来研究容器直径,以检测具有生态学意义的重要变化,并通过液压系统构建关于植物适应性的理论,其中包括植物大小作为重要要素。可能是因为具有连续偏斜的物种中的船只具有更长的功能寿命(因此寿命更长)。我们的方法说明了如何通过考虑芽的长度来研究容器直径,以检测具有生态学意义的重要变化,并通过液压系统构建关于植物适应性的理论,其中包括植物大小作为重要要素。可能是因为具有连续偏斜的物种中的船只具有更长的功能寿命(因此寿命更长)。我们的方法说明了如何通过考虑芽的长度来研究容器直径,以检测具有生态学意义的重要变化,并通过液压系统构建关于植物适应性的理论,其中包括植物大小作为重要要素。
更新日期:2020-05-13
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