The design and development of crystalline porous materials (CPMs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent-organic frameworks (COFs), have been subjects of extensive study due to their regular crystalline lattices and well-defined pore structures. In recent times, an enormous amount of research effort has gone into using CPMs as sacrificial templates to fabricate electrochemically functional materials. The inherently electrochemically active sites inside CPMs are notably abundant and being explored with respect to electrochemical reactions. In this review, electrochemically active sites and the space around them (metal ions, ligands, crystal structures, pores, and morphologies) inside CPMs are the focus and recent progress in the fields of metal-ion batteries, metal-air batteries, water splitting, and other related electrochemical devices has been summarized. Overall, this review provides guidance on the preparation of electroactive CPMs via rational design and modulation of active sites such as redox-active metal clusters and organic ligands, and the space around the electrochemically active sites, and their applications in electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems.

中文翻译：

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晶体多孔材料内部的电化学活性位，用于能量存储和转换。

结晶多孔材料（CPM）的设计和开发，包括金属有机骨架（MOF）和共价有机骨架（COF），由于其规则的晶格和明确定义的孔结构而受到广泛研究。近年来，使用CPM作为制造电化学功能材料的牺牲模板已经进行了大量的研究工作。CPM内部固有的电化学活性位点非常丰富，并且正在就电化学反应进行探索。在这篇综述中，CPM内部的电化学活性位及其周围的空间（金属离子，配体，晶体结构，孔和形态）是金属离子电池，金属空气电池，水分解领域的重点和最新进展。 ，已经概述了其他相关的电化学装置。总体而言，本综述为通过合理设计和调节活性部位（例如氧化还原活性金属簇和有机配体）以及电化学活性部位周围的空间，以及它们在电化学能量存储和转换系统中的应用，对电活性CPM的制备提供了指导。