As space-based Earth observations are delivering a growing amount and variety of data, the potential of this information to better support disaster risk management is coming into increased scrutiny. Disaster risk management actions are commonly divided into the different steps of the disaster management cycle, which include: prevention, to minimize future losses; preparedness and crisis management, often focused on saving lives; and post-crisis management aiming at re-establishing services supporting human activities. Based on a literature review and examples of studies in the area of coastal, hydro-meteorological and geohazards, this review examines how space-based Earth observations have addressed the needs for information in the area of disaster risk management so far. We show that efforts have essentially focused on hazard assessments or supporting crisis management, whereas a number of needs still remain partly fulfilled for vulnerability and exposure mapping, as well as adaptation planning. A promising way forward to maximize the impact of Earth observations includes multi-risk approaches, which mutualize the collection of time-evolving vulnerability and exposure data across different hazards. Opportunities exist as programmes such as the Copernicus Sentinels are now delivering Earth observations of an unprecedented quality, quantity and repetitiveness, as well as initiatives from the disaster risk science communities such as the development of observatories. We argue that, as a complement to this, more systematic efforts to (1) build capacity and (2) evaluate where space-based Earth observations can support disaster risk management would be useful to maximize its societal benefits.

中文翻译：

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用于灾害风险管理的天基地球观测

随着天基地球观测提供的数据数量和种类越来越多，这些信息在更好地支持灾害风险管理方面的潜力正受到越来越多的审查。灾害风险管理行动通常分为灾害管理周期的不同步骤，包括：预防，将未来损失降至最低；准备和危机管理，通常侧重于拯救生命；以及旨在重建支持人类活动的服务的危机后管理。基于沿海、水文气象和地质灾害领域的文献综述和研究实例，本综述审查了迄今为止天基地球观测如何满足灾害风险管理领域的信息需求。我们表明，努力主要集中在危害评估或支持危机管理上，而脆弱性和暴露测绘以及适应规划的一些需求仍然部分得到满足。最大化地球观测影响的一个有前途的方法包括多风险方法，这些方法将不同灾害中随时间演变的脆弱性和暴露数据的收集相互融合。随着哥白尼哨兵计划等项目现在提供前所未有的质量、数量和重复性的地球观测，以及来自灾害风险科学界的倡议，如天文台的发展，机会存在。我们认为，作为对此的补充，