Aqueous sorption processes play an important role in, for example, pollutant binding to natural nanoparticles, colloid stability, separation and enrichment of components and remediation processes. In this article, which is a tribute to Hans Lyklema, models of localized (ad)sorption of molecules and ions from aqueous solution on homogeneous and heterogeneous nanoparticles are presented. The discussed models range from ideal monocomponent sorption on homogeneous (Langmuir) and heterogeneous sites, to multicomponent ideal sorption on homogeneous and heterogeneous sites, multicomponent multisite ion complexation with charge distribution (CD-MUSIC) and non-ideal competitive adsorption on heterogeneous sites (NICA). Attention is also paid to lateral interaction, site-induced aggregation, binding stoichiometry and multilayer formation. Electrical double layer models are discussed in relation to ion binding on impermeable and permeable nanoparticles. Insight in models that can describe sorption of molecules and ions on nanoparticles leads to awareness of the limitations of using simple models for complex systems and is needed for the selection and application of an appropriate model for a given system. This is relevant for all practical sorption processes and for a better understanding of the role of natural nanoparticles in the binding of nutrients and pollutants.

中文翻译：

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平衡单组分和多组分吸附模型：从均质理想到均质非理想结合。

水性吸附过程在例如污染物与天然纳米颗粒的结合，胶体稳定性，组分的分离和富集以及修复过程中起着重要的作用。在向Hans Lyklema致敬的这篇文章中，提出了均质和异质纳米颗粒上水溶液中分子和离子的局部（吸附）吸附模型。讨论的模型包括均质（Langmuir）和异质位点上的理想单组分吸附，均质和异质位点上的多组分理想吸附，带电荷分布的多组分多位点离子络合（CD-MUSIC）和异质位点上的非理想竞争性吸附（NICA） ）。还应注意横向相互作用，位点诱导的聚集，结合化学计量和多层形成。讨论了电双层模型与不可渗透和可渗透纳米粒子上的离子结合有关。能够描述分子和离子在纳米粒子上吸附的模型的洞察力使人们意识到了对复杂系统使用简单模型的局限性，并且对于给定系统选择和应用适当的模型是必需的。这与所有实际的吸附过程以及对天然纳米颗粒在养分和污染物结合中的作用的更好理解有关。能够描述分子和离子在纳米粒子上吸附的模型的洞察力使人们意识到了对复杂系统使用简单模型的局限性，并且对于给定系统选择和应用适当的模型是必需的。这与所有实际的吸附过程以及对天然纳米颗粒在养分和污染物结合中的作用的更好理解有关。能够描述分子和离子在纳米粒子上吸附的模型的洞察力使人们意识到了对复杂系统使用简单模型的局限性，并且对于给定系统选择和应用适当的模型是必需的。这与所有实际的吸附过程以及对天然纳米颗粒在养分和污染物结合中的作用的更好理解有关。