This systematic review examines the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in healthy human adult brains across the lifespan, with a focus on genes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There were 58 studies included. The key findings are: (i) genetic factors have a low to moderate contribution; (ii) the apolipoprotein E ε2/3/4 polymorphism was the most studied genetic variant, with the APOE-ε4 allele most consistently associated with deficits of the default mode network, but there were insufficient studies to determine the relationships with other AD candidate risk genes; (iii) a single genome-wide association study identified several variants related to RSFC; (iv) two epigenetic independent studies showed a positive relationship between blood DNA methylation of the SLC6A4 promoter and RSFC measures. Thus, there is emerging evidence that genetic and epigenetic variation influence the brain's functional organisation and connectivity over the adult lifespan. However, more studies are required to elucidate the roles genetic and epigenetic factors play in RSFC measures across the adult lifespan.

中文翻译：

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遗传因素对健康成年人静息状态脑功能网络中与衰老相关的变化的系统影响。

这篇系统的综述研究了在整个生命周期中健康的成年人大脑中与静止状态功能连接（RSFC）相关的遗传和表观遗传因素，重点是与阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）相关的基因。共有58项研究。主要发现是：（i）遗传因素的贡献较低至中等；（ii）载脂蛋白Eε2/ 3/4多态性是研究最多的遗传变异，APOE-ε4等位基因与默认模式网络的缺陷最一致，但是尚无足够的研究来确定与其他AD候选人风险的关系。基因 （iii）一项全基因组关联研究确定了与RSFC相关的几种变体；（iv）两项表观遗传学独立研究表明，SLC6A4启动子的血液DNA甲基化与RSFC措施之间存在正相关。因此，越来越多的证据表明，遗传和表观遗传变异会影响成人寿命期间大脑的功能组织和连通性。然而，需要更多的研究来阐明遗传和表观遗传因素在整个成年人寿命中在RSFC测量中所起的作用。