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Reforestation and surface cooling in temperate zones: Mechanisms and implications.
Global Change Biology ( IF 11.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-06 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15069
Quan Zhang 1, 2 , Mallory Barnes 2 , Michael Benson 2 , Elizabeth Burakowski 3 , A Christopher Oishi 4 , Andrew Ouimette 3 , Rebecca Sanders-DeMott 3 , Paul C Stoy 5, 6 , Matt Wenzel 7 , Lihua Xiong 1 , Koong Yi 8 , Kimberly A Novick 2
Affiliation  

Land-use/cover change (LUCC) is an important driver of environmental change, occurring at the same time as, and often interacting with, global climate change. Reforestation and deforestation have been critical aspects of LUCC over the past two centuries and are widely studied for their potential to perturb the global carbon cycle. More recently, there has been keen interest in understanding the extent to which reforestation affects terrestrial energy cycling and thus surface temperature directly by altering surface physical properties (e.g., albedo and emissivity) and land-atmosphere energy exchange. The impacts of reforestation on land surface temperature and their mechanisms are relatively well understood in tropical and boreal climates, but the effects of reforestation on warming and/or cooling in temperate zones are less certain. This study is designed to elucidate the biophysical mechanisms that link land cover and surface temperature in temperate ecosystems. To achieve this goal, we used data from six paired eddy-covariance towers over co-located forests and grasslands in the temperate eastern United States, where radiation components, latent and sensible heat fluxes, and meteorological conditions were measured. The results show that, at the annual time scale, the surface of the forests is 1-2°C cooler than grasslands, indicating a substantial cooling effect of reforestation. The enhanced latent and sensible heat fluxes of forests have an average cooling effect of -2.5°C, which offsets the net warming effect (+1.5°C) of albedo warming (+2.3°C) and emissivity cooling effect (-0.8°C) associated with surface properties. Additional daytime cooling over forests is driven by local feedbacks to incoming radiation. We further show that the forest cooling effect is most pronounced when land surface temperature is higher, often exceeding -5°C. Our results contribute important observational evidence that reforestation in the temperate zone offers opportunities for local climate mitigation and adaptation.

中文翻译:

温带地区的重新造林和地表降温:机制和意义。

土地利用/覆盖变化(LUCC)是环境变化的重要驱动力,与全球气候变化同时发生并经常相互作用。在过去的两个世纪中,重新造林和毁林一直是LUCC的关键方面,并因其扰动全球碳循环的潜力而受到广泛研究。最近,人们非常感兴趣地了解重新造林在多大程度上直接通过改变地表物理特性(例如反照率和辐射率)和陆地-大气能量交换来影响地面能量循环,从而影响地表温度。在热带和寒带气候中,造林对地表温度的影响及其机理相对较容易理解,但是在温带地区造林对变暖和/或降温的影响尚不确定。本研究旨在阐明将温带生态系统中土地覆盖与地表温度联系起来的生物物理机制。为了实现这一目标,我们使用了来自美国东部温带同地森林和草原上的六个成对涡流协方差塔的数据,在该处测量了辐射分量,潜热通量和显热通量以及气象条件。结果表明,在每年的时间尺度上,森林的表面温度比草地的温度低1-2°C,这表明重新造林具有明显的降温效果。森林潜热通量和感热通量的增强具有-2.5°C的平均降温效果,这抵消了反照率增高(+ 2.3°C)和发射率降温效果(-0.8°C)的净增温效果(+ 1.5°C)。 )与表面特性有关。局部森林对入射辐射的反馈推动了白天森林的额外降温。我们进一步表明,当陆地表面温度较高(通常超过-5°C)时,森林的降温作用最为明显。我们的结果提供了重要的观察证据,表明温带地区的重新造林为当地减缓和适应气候变化提供了机会。
更新日期:2020-03-07
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