Biofouling is one of the major worldwide problems associated with the vessel due to its accumulation with the surface of the ship hull. The biofouling is the main origin of the coating’s deterioration that ultimately leads to bio-corrosion, roughness and drag, resulting in an enormous increase in the fuel consumption. Although Tributyltin (TBT) has been used as a pioneer class of antifoulant to overcome this problem, however, after the legal restriction on TBT, some biocides have been used as its alternatives. These biocides are potentially harmful to the environment due to the higher release rate in the aquatic environment. This review paper focuses on the progress made in eco-friendly antifouling coating techniques, using control biocide release principal for marine application. The three main strategies, hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and biodegradable antifouling coating, are reviewed. Biodegradable antifouling coating is a new promising route based on the combination of eco-friendly biocide with dynamic surfaces by utilizing degradable polyurethane, polyester acrylate, and modified polyester based polymers. They are used as a carrier of antifoulant, which control the release rate and also show excellent antifouling activity in the marine coatings due to tunability, sustainability, and mechanical performance, therefore, they have a longer shelf period. Moreover, this review focuses on the challenges associated with vessel surface coating and their possible solutions.

Graphical abstract

由于生物积垢在船体表面积累，生物污损是与船舶有关的主要全球性问题之一。生物结垢是涂层变质的主要根源，而涂层变质最终导致生物腐蚀，粗糙度和阻力，从而导致燃料消耗量的大幅增加。尽管三丁基锡（TBT）已被用作解决该问题的先锋类防污剂，但是，在对TBT进行法律限制之后，一些杀生物剂已被用作其替代品。这些杀生物剂由于水生环境中较高的释放速率而可能对环境有害。这篇综述论文重点介绍了在生态友好型防污涂料技术方面的进展，该技术使用了控制杀生剂释放原理，用于海洋应用。三种主要策略：亲水，疏水，以及可生物降解的防污涂料。可生物降解的防污涂料是一种新的有前途的途径，该途径是通过利用可降解的聚氨酯，聚酯丙烯酸酯和改性聚酯基聚合物，将生态友好型杀菌剂与动态表面结合起来。它们被用作防污剂的载体，由于可调节性，可持续性和机械性能，它们可控制释放速率并在船用涂料中显示出优异的防污活性，因此，它们的保质期更长。此外，本文将重点介绍与容器表面涂层相关的挑战及其可能的解决方案。聚酯丙烯酸酯和改性聚酯基聚合物。它们被用作防污剂的载体，由于可调节性，可持续性和机械性能，它们可控制释放速率并在船用涂料中显示出优异的防污活性，因此，它们的保质期更长。此外，本文将重点介绍与容器表面涂层相关的挑战及其可能的解决方案。聚酯丙烯酸酯和改性聚酯基聚合物。它们被用作防污剂的载体，由于可调节性，可持续性和机械性能，它们可控制释放速率并在船用涂料中显示出优异的防污活性，因此，它们的保质期更长。此外，本文将重点介绍与容器表面涂层相关的挑战及其可能的解决方案。

图形概要