Dopamine (DA) is critical for motivation, reward, movement initiation, and learning. Mechanisms that control DA signaling have a profound impact on these important behaviors, and additionally play a role in DA-related neuropathologies. The presynaptic SLC6 DA transporter (DAT) limits extracellular DA levels by clearing released DA, and is potently inhibited by addictive and therapeutic psychostimulants. Decades of evidence support that the DAT is subject to acute regulation by a number of signaling pathways, and that endocytic trafficking strongly regulates DAT availability and function. DAT trafficking studies have been performed in a variety of model systems, including both in vitro and ex vivo preparations. In this review, we focus on the breadth of DAT trafficking studies, with specific attention to, and comparison of, how context may influence DAT’s response to different stimuli. In particular, this overview highlights that stimulated DAT trafficking not only differs between in vitro and ex vivo environments, but also is influenced by both sex and anatomical subregions.

多巴胺（DA）对于激励，奖励，运动发起和学习至关重要。控制DA信号传导的机制对这些重要行为产生了深远的影响，并在与DA相关的神经病理学中发挥了重要作用。突触前SLC6 DA转运蛋白（DAT）通过清除释放的DA来限制细胞外DA水平，并且会被成瘾性和治疗性精神兴奋剂有效抑制。数十个证据支持DAT受多种信号途径的急性调节，并且内吞运输强烈调节DAT的可用性和功能。已在各种模型系统中进行了DAT贩运研究，包括体外和离体制剂。在这篇评论中，我们重点关注DAT贩运研究的广度，特别关注和比较 背景如何影响DAT对不同刺激的反应。特别是，该概述强调了刺激的DAT转运不仅在体外和离体环境之间不同，而且还受到性别和解剖学子区域的影响。