The ability to redesign and reconstruct a cell at whole-genome level provides new platforms for biological study. The international synthetic yeast genome project-Sc2.0, designed by interrogating knowledge amassed by the yeast community to date, exemplifies how a classical synthetic biology “design-build-test-learn” engineering cycle can effectively test hypotheses about various genome fundamentals. The genome reshuffling SCRaMbLE system implemented in synthetic yeast strains also provides unprecedented diversified resources for genotype-phenotype study and yeast metabolic engineering. Further development of genome synthesis technology will shed new lights on complex biological processes in higher eukaryotes.

在全基因组水平上重新设计和重建细胞的能力为生物学研究提供了新的平台。通过询问迄今为止酵母界积累的知识而设计的国际合成酵母基因组计划Sc2.0，举例说明了经典的合成生物学“设计-构建-测试-学习”工程周期如何能够有效地测试有关各种基因组基本原理的假设。在合成酵母菌株中实施的基因组改组SCRaMbLE系统还为基因型-表型研究和酵母代谢工程提供了前所未有的多样化资源。基因组合成技术的进一步发展将为高级真核生物的复杂生物过程提供新的思路。