Individual differences in children's eating behaviours emerge early. We examined the relationship between breastfeeding exposure and subsequent eating behaviours among children from the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Children (n = 970) were grouped according to their breastfeeding exposure: high (full breastfeeding ≥ 4 months with continued breastfeeding ≥ 6 months), low (any breastfeeding < 3 months or no breastfeeding) and intermediate (between low and high breastfeeding categories). Aspects of eating behaviour from ages 15 months to 6 years were captured using a combination of maternal reports (Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire; Infant Feeding Questionnaire; Preschooler Feeding Questionnaire) and laboratory-based measures of meal size, oral processing behaviours (e.g. average eating speed and bite size) and tendency to eat in the absence of hunger. Most children had low (44%) or intermediate (44%) breastfeeding exposure; only 12% had high exposure. After adjusting for confounders, multivariable linear regression analyses indicated the high (but not intermediate) breastfeeding group was associated with significantly lower reported food fussiness at 3 years compared to low breastfeeding group (-0.38 [-0.70, -0.06]), with similar but non-significant trends observed at 6 years (-0.27 [-0.66, 0.11]). At 3 years, mothers in the high breastfeeding group also reported the least difficulty in child feeding compared to low breastfeeding group (-0.22 [-0.43, -0.01]). However, high breastfeeding was not associated with any other maternal-reports of child feeding or eating behaviours, and no significant associations were observed between breastfeeding exposure and any of the laboratory measures of eating behaviour at any of the time points. These results do not strongly support the view that increased breastfeeding exposure alone has lasting and consistent associations with eating behaviours in early childhood.

中文翻译：

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母乳喂养与孩子后来的饮食行为有关吗？

儿童饮食行为的个体差异很早就出现了。我们研究了新加坡成长迈向健康结果 (GUSTO) 队列中儿童母乳喂养暴露与随后的饮食行为之间的关系。儿童（n = 970）根据他们的母乳喂养暴露进行分组：高（完全母乳喂养 ≥ 4 个月，持续母乳喂养 ≥ 6 个月）、低（任何母乳喂养 < 3 个月或不母乳喂养）和中等（低和高母乳喂养类别之间） . 使用产妇报告（儿童饮食行为问卷；婴儿喂养问卷；学龄前儿童喂养问卷）和基于实验室的膳食量、口腔处理行为（例如 平均进食速度和一口大小）以及在没有饥饿的情况下进食的倾向。大多数儿童有低 (44%) 或中等 (44%) 母乳喂养暴露；只有 12% 的人有高曝光率。调整混杂因素后，多变量线性回归分析表明，与低母乳喂养组（-0.38 [-0.70，-0.06]）相比，高（但不是中等）母乳喂养组在 3 年时报告的食物挑剔程度显着降低（-0.38 [-0.70，-0.06]），但相似但6 年观察到的非显着趋势 (-0.27 [-0.66, 0.11])。在 3 岁时，与低母乳喂养组相比，高母乳喂养组的母亲报告的孩子喂养难度最小（-0.22 [-0.43, -0.01]）。然而，高母乳喂养率与任何其他母亲报告的儿童喂养或饮食行为无关，在任何时间点，母乳喂养暴露与任何饮食行为的实验室测量值之间均未观察到显着关联。这些结果并不强烈支持这样一种观点，即增加母乳喂养与儿童早期的饮食行为具有持久和一致的关联。