Thanks to the recommendation of a combined Measles/Mumps/Rubella (MMR) vaccine, like Priorix®, these childhood diseases are less common now. This is beneficial to limit the spread of these diseases and work towards their elimination. However, the measles, mumps and rubella antibody titers show a large variability in short- and long-term immunity. The recent outbreaks worldwide of measles and mumps and previous studies, which mostly focused on only one of the three virus responses, illustrate that there is a clear need for better understanding the immune responses after vaccination. Our healthy cohort was already primed with the MMR antigens in their childhood. In this study, the adult volunteers received one Priorix® vaccine dose at day 0. First, we defined 4 different groups of responders, based on their antibody titers’ evolution over 4 time points (Day 0, 21, 150 and 365). This showed a high variability within and between individuals. Second, we determined transcriptome profiles using 3′mRNA sequencing at day 0, 3 and 7. Using two analytical approaches, “one response group per time point” and “a time comparison per response group”, we correlated the short-term gene expression profiles to the different response groups. In general, the list of differentially expressed genes is limited, however, most of them are clearly immune-related and upregulated at day 3 and 7, compared to the baseline day 0. Depending on the specific response group there are overlapping signatures for two of the three viruses. Antibody titers and transcriptomics data showed that an additional Priorix vaccination does not facilitate an equal immune response against the 3 viruses or among different vaccine recipients.

多亏了麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹 (MMR) 联合疫苗（如 Priorix®）的推荐，这些儿童疾病现在不太常见了。这有利于限制这些疾病的传播并努力消除它们。然而，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的抗体滴度在短期和长期免疫方面表现出很大的差异。最近在世界范围内爆发的麻疹和腮腺炎以及以前的研究（主要集中在三种病毒反应中的一种）表明，显然需要更好地了解疫苗接种后的免疫反应。我们的健康队列在他们的童年时期就已经接受了 MMR 抗原。在这项研究中，成年志愿者在第 0 天接种了一剂 Priorix® 疫苗。首先，我们定义了 4 组不同的响应者，基于他们的抗体滴度在 4 个时间点（第 0、21、150 和 365 天）的演变。这显示了个体内部和个体之间的高度可变性。其次，我们在第 0 天、第 3 天和第 7 天使用 3'mRNA 测序确定了转录组谱。使用两种分析方法，“每个时间点一个反应组”和“每个反应组时间比较”，我们关联了短期基因表达配置文件到不同的响应组。一般来说，差异表达基因的列表是有限的，然而，与基线第 0 天相比，它们中的大多数在第 3 天和第 7 天明显与免疫相关并上调。根据特定的反应组，其中两个有重叠的特征。三种病毒。