The human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the main sexually transmitted pathogens that infect the anogenital epithelium and mucous membranes. HPV genotypes can be classified as high and low oncogenic risk, with infection by the former resulting in cervical cancer in approximately 100 % of the cases. In this work, we developed an ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for the detection and identification of different HPV genotypes. A nanostructured platform based on a matrix of polyaniline (PANI) containing gold nanoparticles (AuNps) was designed for the chemical immobilization of a DNA probe capable of recognizing different HPV types. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the genosensor. The impedimetric responses indicate that the proposed sensor was able to detect HPV (types 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, and 58) in cervical specimens (cDNA samples). We obtained different profiles of electrochemical responses for the high and low-risk HPV genotypes. By adopting a three-dimensional quantitative analysis of impedance response variables, it was possible to identify the existence of a pattern of association for samples of high oncogenic risk, which may lead to the differential diagnosis of HPV. The biosensor demonstrated an excellent analytical performance for the detection of HPV genotypes with high sensibility and selectivity. The genosensor exhibited a linear range of response in the 1 pg μL-1 to 100 pg μL-1 range. Besides, a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.74 pg μL-1 and 7.43 pg μL-1 was obtained for HPV11 and HPV16, respectively, with regression coefficients of 99.88 % and 99.47 %. Thus, the proposed sensor may serve as a good prognostic indicator for patients infected with papillomavirus.

中文翻译：

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金属-聚合物杂化纳米材料可用于宫颈标本中人乳头瘤病毒的阻抗检测。

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）是感染性生殖器上皮和粘膜的主要性传播病原体之一。HPV基因型可分为高致癌风险和低致癌风险，前者感染可导致约100％的宫颈癌。在这项工作中，我们开发了一种用于检测和鉴定不同HPV基因型的超灵敏电化学生物传感器。设计了一种基于聚苯胺（PANI）基质的纳米结构平台，该基质包含金纳米颗粒（AuNps），用于化学固定能够识别不同HPV类型的DNA探针。循环伏安法（CV），电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和原子力显微镜（AFM）用于表征基因传感器。阻抗响应表明，提出的传感器能​​够检测宫颈样本（cDNA样本）中的HPV（类型6、11、16、31、33、45和58）。我们获得了高风险和低风险HPV基因型的不同电化学响应曲线。通过对阻抗响应变量进行三维定量分析，可以确定高致癌风险样品的关联模式的存在，这可能导致HPV的鉴别诊断。该生物传感器在检测HPV基因型时表现出出色的分析性能，具有很高的灵敏度和选择性。基因传感器在1 pgμL-1至100 pgμL-1的范围内表现出线性的响应范围。此外，HPV11和HPV16的检出限（LOD）分别为2.74 pgμL-1和7.43 pgμL-1，回归系数分别为99.88％和99.47％。因此，建议的传感器可以作为感染乳头瘤病毒患者的良好预后指标。