Over the past few decades, accumulated evidence confirms that the global environment conditions are changing rapidly. Urban industrialization, agriculture and globalization have generated water, air and soil pollution, giving rise to an environment with a growing number of stress factors, which has a serious impact on the fitness, reproduction and survival of living organisms. The issue raises considerable concern on biodiversity conservation, which is now at risk: it is estimated that a number of species will be extinct in the near future. Sexual reproduction is the process that allows the formation of a new individual and is underpinned by gamete quality defined as the ability of spermatozoa and oocytes to interact during fertilization leading to the creation and development of a normal embryo.

This review aimed to provide the current state of knowledge regarding the impact of a broad spectrum of environmental stressors on diverse parameters used to estimate and evaluate gamete quality in humans and in canonical animal models used for experimental research.

Effects of metals, biocides, herbicides, nanoparticles, plastics, temperature rise, ocean acidification, air pollution and lifestyle on the physiological parameters that underlie gamete fertilization competence are described supporting the concept that environmental stressors represent a serious hazard to gamete quality with reproductive disorders and living organism failure. Although clear evidence is still limited, gamete capacity to maintain and/or recover physiological conditions is recently demonstrated providing further clues about the plasticity of organisms and their tolerance to the pressures of pollution that may facilitate the reproduction and the persistence of species within the scenario of global change.

Changes in the global environment must be urgently placed at the forefront of public attention, with a massive effort invested in further studies aimed towards implementing current knowledge and identifying new methodologies and markers to predict impairment of gamete quality.

在过去的几十年中，积累的证据证实全球环境状况正在迅速变化。城市工业化，农业和全球化已经产生了水，空气和土壤污染，导致环境中的压力因素越来越多，这严重影响了生物体的适应，繁殖和生存。这个问题引起了对生物多样性保护的极大关注，目前这种保护正处于危险之中：据估计，不久的将来许多物种将灭绝。有性生殖是允许形成新个体的过程，并受配子质量的支持，配子质量被定义为精子和卵母细胞在受精过程中相互作用的能力，从而导致正常胚胎的产生和发育。

这项审查旨在提供有关广泛的环境应激因素对用于估计和评估人类和用于实验研究的经典配子质量的各种参数的影响的最新知识。

描述了金属，杀生物剂，除草剂，纳米颗粒，塑料，温度升高，海洋酸化，空气污染和生活方式对构成配子受精能力的生理参数的影响，支持了以下观点：环境应激源对生殖器官和配子的品质构成严重危害。活生物体衰竭。尽管仍缺乏明确的证据，但最近证明了维持和/或恢复生理状况的配子能力为生物的可塑性及其对污染压力的耐受性提供了进一步的线索，这些线索可能有助于物种的繁殖和持久存在。全球变化。

必须紧急将全球环境的变化放在公众关注的最前沿，并投入大量精力进行进一步研究，旨在实施现有知识并确定新方法和标志物以预测配子质量的下降。