Abstract With the burning of 1 L of diesel fuel, approximately 3 kg of greenhouse gas is released into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is of great importance to reduce emissions with some additives in diesel engines. This study deals with the impacts of blends of waste cooking oil methyl ester and various metal-oxide based nanoparticles on the emission, combustion, performance, vibration and noise characteristics of a single-cylinder diesel engine. The test engine was loaded at different engine loads of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 Nm and a constant engine speed of 2000 rpm. In this investigation, various fuels [called as reference diesel (D100), 10 vol% of waste cooking oil methyl ester (B10), and finally the mass fractions of 100 ppm aluminium oxide (B10Al2O3), titanium oxide (B10TiO2) and silicon oxide (B10SiO2) into the B10, separately] were tested. The addition of metal-oxide based nanoparticles has firstly increased the viscosity, cetane number, and heating value of biodiesel. Higher oxygen atoms in biodiesel-nanoparticles blends have improved the quality of the combustion process. Higher peak point in CPmax and HRRmax could be reached in these nano fuels due to their lower cetane numbers than that of D100. CO, HC and NOx emissions were significantly reduced with the blending of nanoparticles and biodiesel in comparison with those of D100. The addition of nanoparticles highly improved engine performance. B10 had the lowest thermal efficiency due to its heating value, but its efficiency was converted to the highest one with the addition of nanoparticle. In conclusion, this study is suggesting that the addition of metal-oxide based nanoparticles into biodiesel blends can give better results than using biodiesel alone for diesel engines.

中文翻译：

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各种基于金属氧化物的纳米颗粒和生物柴油混合物对 CI 发动机的燃烧、性能、排放、振动和噪声特性的影响

摘要 每燃烧 1 L 柴油，大约会释放 3 kg 温室气体到大气中。因此，在柴油发动机中使用一些添加剂来减少排放是非常重要的。本研究涉及废食用油甲酯和各种基于金属氧化物的纳米颗粒的混合物对单缸柴油发动机的排放、燃烧、性能、振动和噪声特性的影响。测试发动机以 2.5、5、7.5 和 10 Nm 的不同发动机负载和 2000 rpm 的恒定发动机速度加载。在本次调查中，各种燃料 [称为参考柴油 (D100)、10 vol% 的废食用油甲酯 (B10)，最后是质量分数为 100 ppm 的氧化铝 (B10Al2O3)、氧化钛 (B10TiO2) 和氧化硅(B10SiO2) 进入 B10，单独] 进行测试。金属氧化物纳米粒子的加入首先提高了生物柴油的粘度、十六烷值和热值。生物柴油-纳米颗粒混合物中更高的氧原子提高了燃烧过程的质量。由于这些纳米燃料的十六烷值比 D100 低，因此在这些纳米燃料中可以达到更高的 CPmax 和 HRRmax 峰值点。与 D100 相比，通过混合纳米颗粒和生物柴油，CO、HC 和 NOx 排放量显着降低。纳米颗粒的加入大大提高了发动机性能。B10由于其热值而具有最低的热效率，但随着纳米颗粒的加入，其热效率转为最高。综上所述，