Dendrite arbor pattern determines the functional characteristics of a neuron. It is founded on primary branch structure, defined through cell intrinsic and transcription-factor-encoded mechanisms. Developing arbors have extensive acentrosomal microtubule dynamics, and here, we report an unexpected role for the atypical actin motor Myo6 in creating primary branch structure by specifying the position, polarity, and targeting of these events. We carried out in vivo time-lapse imaging of Drosophila adult sensory neuron differentiation, integrating machine-learning-based quantification of arbor patterning with molecular-level tracking of cytoskeletal remodeling. This revealed that Myo6 and the transcription factor Knot regulate transient surges of microtubule polymerization at dendrite tips; they drive retrograde extension of an actin filament array that specifies anterograde microtubule polymerization and guides these microtubules to subdivide the tip into multiple branches. Primary branches delineate functional compartments; this tunable branching mechanism is key to define and diversify dendrite arbor compartmentalization.

中文翻译：

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非典型肌球蛋白调整树突乔木细分。

树突状乔木模式决定了神经元的功能特征。它建立在主要分支结构的基础上，该结构通过细胞内在和转录因子编码的机制定义。发育中的乔木具有广泛的中心体微管动力学，在这里，我们报道了非典型肌动蛋白电机Myo6在通过指定这些事件的位置，极性和靶向性来创建一级分支结构中的出乎意料的作用。我们进行了果蝇成人感觉神经元分化的体内延时成像，将基于机器学习的乔木模式定量与细胞骨架重塑的分子水平跟踪相结合。这表明，Myo6和转录因子Knot调节了树突尖端微管聚合的瞬时激增。它们驱动肌动蛋白丝阵列的逆行延伸，从而指定顺行微管聚合，并引导这些微管将尖端细分为多个分支。主要分支描绘功能隔室；这种可调的分支机制是定义和多样化枝晶乔木分区的关键。