Rosin and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are easily extracted from agricultural pines/conifers and natural cellulose, and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is extracted from agricultural corn stalks, etc. In this study, PHBV and CNC-grafted rosin (CNC-R) hybrids were successfully fabricated by an efficient solution casting. The nanocomposites with a homogenous microstructure were transparent and had strong barrier resistances to water vapor and two food simulants. The synchronous enchantments in mechanical strength/toughness and thermal stability of nanocomposite films were achieved by addition of CNC-R. The T₀ increased by 31.2 °C for the film with 10 wt % CNC-R; meanwhile, the tensile strength and elongation to break were improved by 107.9 and 43.9% for the sample using 5 wt % CNC-R, respectively. Also, compared to neat PHBV, the nanocomposites with 5 wt % CNC-R exhibited excellent barrier properties, antibacterial activity (100.0% antibacterial ratio), and lower migration levels for both food simulants. The appearance of coated grapes with 10 wt % CNC-R nanocomposites at the 11th day was the best compared to those of PHBV and its nanocomposites with a low CNC-R content (1–3 wt %). Thus, our nanocomposites with CNC-R showed a significant application in packaged grape by extended shelf life and had potential applications in bioactive food packaging materials.

中文翻译：

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天然纤维素纳米晶体-松香杂化物对绿色生物聚合物包装纳米复合材料的双功能增强

松香和纤维素纳米晶体（CNCs）很容易从农业松树/针叶树和天然纤维素中提取，聚（3-羟基丁酸-共-3-羟基戊酸）（PHBV）从农业玉米秸秆等中提取。在本研究中，PHBV和CNC 接枝松香 (CNC-R) 杂化物通过高效溶液铸造成功制造。具有均匀微观结构的纳米复合材料是透明的，并且对水蒸气和两种食品模拟物具有很强的阻隔性。通过添加CNC-R实现了纳米复合薄膜的机械强度/韧性和热稳定性的同步附魔。T ₀ _对于具有 10 wt % CNC-R 的薄膜，温度升高了 31.2 °C；同时，使用 5 wt% CNC-R 的样品的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别提高了 107.9 和 43.9%。此外，与纯 PHBV 相比，具有 5 wt% CNC-R 的纳米复合材料表现出优异的阻隔性能、抗菌活性（100.0% 的抗菌率）以及两种食品模拟物的较低迁移水平。与具有低 CNC-R 含量（1-3 wt%）的 PHBV 及其纳米复合材料相比，涂有 10 wt% CNC-R 纳米复合材料的葡萄在第 11 天的外观最好。因此，我们的具有 CNC-R 的纳米复合材料通过延长保质期在包装葡萄中显示出重要的应用，并在生物活性食品包装材料中具有潜在应用。