Polyoxometalates (POMs) are molecular metal oxide clusters that feature a broad range of structures and functionalities, making them one of the most versatile classes of inorganic molecular materials. They have attracted widespread attention in homogeneous catalysis. Due to the challenges associated with their aggregation, precipitation, and degradation under operational conditions and to extend their scope of applications, various strategies of depositing POMs on heterogeneous substrates have been developed. Recent ground-breaking developments in the materials chemistry of supported POM composites are summarized and links between molecular-level understanding of POM-support interactions and macroscopic effects including new or optimized reactivities, improved stability, and novel function are established. Current limitations and future challenges in studying these complex composite materials are highlighted, and cutting-edge experimental and theoretical methods that will lead to an improved understanding of synergisms between POM and support material from the molecular through to the nano- and micrometer level are discussed. Future development in this fast-moving field is explored and emerging fields of research in POM heterogenization are identified.

中文翻译：

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功能性基质上的多金属氧酸盐：概念、协同作用和未来前景。

多金属氧酸盐 (POM) 是分子金属氧化物簇，具有广泛的结构和功能，使其成为用途最广泛的无机分子材料之一。它们在均相催化领域引起了广泛的关注。由于其在操作条件下的聚集、沉淀和降解所面临的挑战以及为了扩大其应用范围，人们开发了各种在异质基底上沉积 POM 的策略。总结了负载型 POM 复合材料材料化学的最新突破性发展，并建立了 POM-负载相互作用的分子水平理解与宏观效应（包括新的或优化的反应性、改进的稳定性和新功能）之间的联系。强调了当前研究这些复杂复合材料的局限性和未来的挑战，并讨论了尖端的实验和理论方法，这些方法将有助于更好地理解 POM 和支撑材料之间从分子到纳米和微米水平的协同作用。探索了这个快速发展领域的未来发展，并确定了 POM 异质化的新兴研究领域。