Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, along with adipose tissue wasting, systemic inflammation and other metabolic abnormalities leading to functional impairment. Cancer cachexia has long been recognized as a direct cause of complications in cancer patients, reducing quality of life and worsening disease outcomes. Some related conditions, like sarcopenia (age‐related muscle wasting), anorexia (appetite loss) and asthenia (reduced muscular strength and fatigue), share some key features with cancer cachexia, such as weakness and systemic inflammation. Understanding the interplay and the differences between these conditions is critical to advance basic and translational research in this field, improving the accuracy of diagnosis and contributing to finally achieve effective therapies for affected patients.

中文翻译：

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癌症恶病质及其病理生理学：与肌肉减少症、厌食症和乏力有关。

癌症恶病质是一种多因素综合征，其特征在于骨骼肌质量的进行性丧失、脂肪组织消瘦、全身炎症和其他导致功能障碍的代谢异常。长期以来，癌症恶病质一直被认为是导致癌症患者并发症、降低生活质量和恶化疾病结果的直接原因。一些相关疾病，如肌肉减少症（与年龄相关的肌肉萎缩）、厌食症（食欲减退）和虚弱（肌肉力量下降和疲劳），与癌症恶病质有一些关键特征，例如虚弱和全身炎症。了解这些条件之间的相互作用和差异对于推进该领域的基础和转化研究至关重要，