Aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) accounts for ≈60% of NHL in children/adolescents. In newly diagnosed Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, short intensive multiagent chemotherapy is associated with a five‐year event‐free survival of around 90%. Very few children/adolescents with aggressive B‐NHL show a relapsed/refractory (r/r) disease. The outcome is poor, with cure rates <30%, and there is no standard of care. Rituximab‐containing salvage regimens may provide a complete/partial response in 60–70% of cases. However, long‐term survival is <10% for non‐transplanted patients. Autologous or allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant is, nowadays, the best option for responding patients, with survival rates around 50%. The benefit of autologous versus allogeneic HSCT is not clear. Numerous novel therapies for r/r B‐NHL are currently being tested in adults, including next‐generation monoclonal antibodies, novel cellular therapy strategies and therapies directed against new targets. Some are under investigation also in children/adolescents, with promising preliminary results.

中文翻译：

---

复发/难治性小儿侵袭性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗。

侵略性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤（B-NHL）占儿童/青少年NHL的约60％。在新近诊断的伯基特淋巴瘤和弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤中，短期强化多药化疗与五年无事件生存率约90％相关。极少有侵略性B-NHL的儿童/青少年表现出复发/难治性（r / r）疾病。结果差，治愈率<30％，没有标准的护理。含利妥昔单抗的挽救方案可能在60-70％的病例中提供完全/部分缓解。但是，非移植患者的长期生存率<10％。如今，自体或同种异体造血干细胞移植是应对患者的最佳选择，存活率约为50％。自体与异基因HSCT尚不清楚。目前，许多针对R / r B-NHL的新疗法正在成人中进行测试，包括下一代单克隆抗体，新颖的细胞疗法和针对新靶标的疗法。一些儿童/青少年也正在接受调查，初步结果令人鼓舞。