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Molecular pathology of Lynch syndrome.
The Journal of Pathology ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1002/path.5422
Guia Cerretelli 1 , Ann Ager 2 , Mark J Arends 1 , Ian M Frayling 3
Affiliation  

Lynch syndrome (LS) is characterised by predisposition to colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers and is caused by inherited pathogenic variants affecting the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2. It is probably the most common predisposition to cancer, having an estimated prevalence of between 1/100 and 1/180. Resources such as the International Society for Gastrointestinal Hereditary Cancer's MMR gene variant database, the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database (PLSD), and the Colon Cancer Family Register (CCFR), as well as pathological and immunological studies, are enabling advances in the understanding of LS. These include defined criteria by which to interpret gene variants, the function of MMR in the normal control of apoptosis, definition of the risks of the various cancers, and the mechanisms and pathways by which the colorectal and endometrial tumours develop, including the critical role of the immune system. Colorectal cancers in LS can develop along three pathways, including flat intramucosal lesions, which depend on the underlying affected MMR gene. This gives insights into the limitations of colonoscopic surveillance and highlights the need for other forms of anti-cancer prophylaxis in LS. Finally, it shows that the processes of autoimmunisation and immunoediting fundamentally constrain the development of tumours in LS and explain the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in MMR-deficient tumours. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

中文翻译:

林奇综合征的分子病理学。

林奇综合征(LS)的特征是易患结直肠癌,子宫内膜癌和其他癌症,并且是由影响DNA错配修复(MMR)基因MLH1,MSH2,MSH6和PMS2的遗传病原体变异引起的。它可能是最常见的癌症易感性,估计患病率在1/100和1/180之间。国际胃肠遗传病学会的MMR基因变异数据库,前瞻性林奇综合症数据库(PLSD)和结肠癌家族登记簿(CCFR)等资源,以及病理学和免疫学研究,都在促进人们对LS的理解。这些措施包括确定的标准以解释基因变异,MMR在正常控制细胞凋亡中的功能,各种癌症风险的确定,以及结直肠和子宫内膜肿瘤发展的机制和途径,包括免疫系统的关键作用。LS的结直肠癌可通过三种途径发展,包括平坦的粘膜内病变,这取决于潜在的受影响的MMR基因。这为结肠镜检查的局限性提供了见识,并强调了在LS中需要其他形式的抗癌预防措施。最后,它表明自体免疫和免疫编辑过程从根本上限制了LS中肿瘤的发展,并解释了免疫检查点封锁疗法在MMR缺陷型肿瘤中的功效。©2020英国和爱尔兰病理学会。由John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.出版 LS中的结直肠癌可沿着三个途径发展,包括平坦的粘膜内病变,这取决于潜在的受影响的MMR基因。这为结肠镜检查的局限性提供了见识,并强调了在LS中需要其他形式的抗癌预防措施。最后,它表明自体免疫和免疫编辑过程从根本上限制了LS中肿瘤的发展,并解释了免疫检查点封锁疗法在MMR缺陷型肿瘤中的功效。©2020英国和爱尔兰病理学会。由John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.出版 LS中的结直肠癌可沿着三个途径发展,包括平坦的粘膜内病变,这取决于潜在的受影响的MMR基因。这为结肠镜检查的局限性提供了见识,并强调了在LS中需要其他形式的抗癌预防措施。最后,它表明自体免疫和免疫编辑过程从根本上限制了LS中肿瘤的发展,并解释了免疫检查点封锁疗法在MMR缺陷型肿瘤中的功效。©2020英国和爱尔兰病理学会。由John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.出版 这为结肠镜检查的局限性提供了见识,并强调了在LS中需要其他形式的抗癌预防措施。最后,它表明自体免疫和免疫编辑过程从根本上限制了LS中肿瘤的发展,并解释了免疫检查点封锁疗法在MMR缺陷型肿瘤中的功效。©2020英国和爱尔兰病理学会。由John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.出版 这为结肠镜检查的局限性提供了见识,并强调了在LS中需要其他形式的抗癌预防措施。最后,它表明自体免疫和免疫编辑过程从根本上限制了LS中肿瘤的发展,并解释了免疫检查点封锁疗法在MMR缺陷型肿瘤中的功效。©2020英国和爱尔兰病理学会。由John Wiley&Sons,Ltd.出版
更新日期:2020-04-22
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