To ensure a sustainable development, it is essential to better characterize the relationships between diet sustainability and health. We investigated the associations between sustainable dietary patterns, assessed using the Sustainable Diet Index (SDI) and the risk of cancer and cardiovascular diseases in a large prospective cohort of French volunteers. We computed the SDI among 25,592 participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort using a database developed within the BioNutriNet project comprising nutritional, behavioral, environmental and economic data. Health status of each participant was collected from 2014 to 2018 and validated by physicians. Associations between the SDI and risk of chronic diseases (cancer and cardiovascular diseases) were assessed using multivariable Cox models. 640 incident chronic diseases occurred during the 3.8-year follow-up (483 cancer cases and 158 cardiovascular disease cases). A higher SDI was associated with a lower risk of overall chronic diseases after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Participants in the fourth quartile, reflecting the highest sustainable dietary patterns, exhibited a significant decrease in risk of cancers or cardiovascular diseases (HR_{Q4 vs. Q1} = 0.61 (95% CI 0.47–0.80), P-trend = 0.0002). More specifically, this association was observed for cancers in the fully adjusted model but was not statistically significant for cardiovascular diseases. Although these results need to be confirmed by other observational studies, they support the fact that a wide adoption of sustainable dietary patterns may contribute to improving global health in France and argue for existing dietary patterns exhibiting cobenefits for human health and the environment.

为了确保可持续发展，必须更好地描述饮食可持续性与健康之间的关系。我们调查了使用可持续饮食指数（SDI）进行评估的可持续饮食模式与大量法国志愿者的前瞻性队列中癌症和心血管疾病风险之间的关联。我们使用BioNutriNet项目中开发的数据库（包括营养，行为，环境和经济数据）计算了25,592名NutriNet-Santé队列参与者的SDI。从2014年至2018年收集了每个参与者的健康状况，并通过了医生的验证。使用多变量Cox模型评估了SDI与慢性疾病（癌症和心血管疾病）风险之间的关联。在3。8年随访（483例癌症和158例心血管疾病）。调整潜在混杂因素后，较高的SDI与较低的总体慢性病风险相关。第四四分位的参与者反映了最高的可持续饮食方式，其患癌症或心血管疾病的风险显着降低（HR_{Q4 vs. Q1}  = 0.61（95％CI 0.47–0.80），P-趋势= 0.0002）。更具体地，在完全调整的模型中对于癌症观察到这种关联，但是对于心血管疾病在统计学上不显着。尽管这些结果需要其他观察研究加以证实，但它们支持以下事实：可持续饮食方式的广泛采用可能有助于改善法国的全球健康，并主张现有的饮食方式对人类健康和环境具有共同的益处。