Abstract

Pancreatic cancer is a tumor with a high degree of malignancy, morbidity, and mortality. Immunotherapy is another important treatment for pancreatic cancer in addition to surgery and chemotherapy, but its application in pancreatic cancer is very limited, which is related to the unique biological behavior of pancreatic cancer and the tumor microenvironment. The immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer is highly heterogeneous and presents challenges for immunotherapy. The transformation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment contributes to the response to tumor immunotherapy, such that the tumor undergoes functional reprogramming to change from immunologically “cold” to immunologically “hot.” In this review, we summarized the research and progress in immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccines, adoptive T cell therapy, oncolytic viruses, and immunomodulators, and suggest that individualized, combination, and precise therapy should be the main direction of future immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

中文翻译：

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胰腺癌免疫治疗的困境与挑战

摘要

胰腺癌是具有高度恶性，发病率和死亡率的肿瘤。免疫疗法是除外科手术和化学疗法之外胰腺癌的另一种重要治疗方法，但是其在胰腺癌中的应用非常有限，这与胰腺癌的独特生物学行为和肿瘤微环境有关。胰腺癌的免疫抑制微环境高度异质性，为免疫治疗提出了挑战。肿瘤免疫抑制微环境的转变有助于对肿瘤免疫疗法的反应，从而使肿瘤经历功能性重编程，从而从免疫学上的“冷”变为免疫学上的“热”。在这篇综述中，我们总结了胰腺癌免疫治疗的研究和进展，包括免疫检查点抑制剂，