Caveolae are abundant surface pits formed by the assembly of cytoplasmic proteins on a platform generated by caveolin integral membrane proteins and membrane lipids. This membranous assembly can bud off into the cell or can be disassembled releasing the cavin proteins into the cytosol. Disassembly can be triggered by increased membrane tension, or by stress stimuli, such as UV. Here, we discuss recent mechanistic studies showing how caveolae are formed and how their unique properties allow them to function as multifunctional protective and signaling structures.

中文翻译：

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小窝：形成，动力学和功能。

小窝是由小窝蛋白整体膜蛋白和膜脂产生的平台上的细胞质蛋白组装而成的丰富表面凹坑。这种膜状装配体可以萌芽进入细胞，也可以被分解，从而将cavin蛋白释放到细胞质中。膜张力增加或应力刺激（例如UV）会触发拆卸。在这里，我们讨论了最近的机制研究，这些机制显示了小窝的形成方式以及它们的独特特性如何使它们充当多功能的保护和信号传导结构。