Childhood maltreatment increases the likelihood of developing anxiety disorders in humans. Early life adversity (ELA) paradigms in rodents produce lasting increases in avoidant and inhibitory responses to both immediate and nonspecific threats, collectively referred to as defensive behaviors. This approach provides an opportunity to thoroughly investigate the underlying mechanisms, an effort that is currently under way. In this review, we consider the growing literature indicating that ELA alters the rhythmic firing of neurons in brain regions associated with defensive behavior, as well as potential neuronal, glial, and extracellular matrix contributions to functional changes in this circuitry. We also consider how ELA studies in rodents may inform us about both susceptible and resilient outcomes in humans.

中文翻译：

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早期生活逆境如何影响防御电路

童年虐待增加了人类患焦虑症的可能性。啮齿动物的早期生活逆境 (ELA) 范式对直接和非特定威胁的回避和抑制反应产生持久的增加，统称为防御行为。这种方法提供了一个彻底调查潜在机制的机会，这项工作目前正在进行中。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了越来越多的文献，这些文献表明 ELA 改变了与防御行为相关的大脑区域神经元的节律性放电，以及潜在的神经元、神经胶质和细胞外基质对该回路功能变化的贡献。我们还考虑了啮齿类动物的 ELA 研究如何让我们了解人类的易感性和弹性结果。