From advances in the knowledge of the immune system, it is emerging that the specialized functions displayed by macrophages during the course of an immune response are supported by specific and dynamically-connected metabolic programs. The study of immunometabolism is demonstrating that metabolic adaptations play a critical role in modulating inflammation and, conversely, inflammation deeply influences the acquisition of specific metabolic settings.This strict connection has been proven to be crucial for the execution of defined immune functional programs and it is now under investigation with respect to several human disorders, such as diabetes, sepsis, cancer, and autoimmunity. The abnormal remodelling of the metabolic pathways in macrophages is now emerging as both marker of disease and potential target of therapeutic intervention. By focusing on key pathological conditions, namely obesity and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cancer, we will review the metabolic targets suitable for therapeutic intervention in macrophages. In addition, we will discuss the major obstacles and challenges related to the development of therapeutic strategies for a pharmacological targeting of macrophage's metabolism.

中文翻译：

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疾病中新陈代谢的药理学目标：巨噬细胞的机会。

从对免疫系统知识的了解中可以看出，巨噬细胞在免疫反应过程中表现出的特殊功能得到了特定且动态关联的代谢程序的支持。免疫代谢研究表明，代谢适应在调节炎症中起着关键作用，相反，炎症对特定代谢环境的获得产生深远影响。这种严格的联系已被证明对于执行已定义的免疫功能程序至关重要。目前正在针对几种人类疾病（例如糖尿病，败血症，癌症和自身免疫）进行调查。巨噬细胞代谢途径的异常重塑现在正成为疾病的标志物和治疗干预的潜在目标。通过关注关键的病理状况，即肥胖和糖尿病，类风湿性关节炎，动脉粥样硬化和癌症，我们将审查适用于巨噬细胞治疗性干预的代谢目标。此外，我们将讨论与巨噬细胞代谢的药理靶向治疗策略的发展有关的主要障碍和挑战。