Culture results of fluid/pus from sinuses or open wound are not reliable in establishing the causative agent of osteomyelitis due to the high chances of contamination of superficial contaminants. Bone fragments obtained during surgery have been recommended as ideal sample to establish pathogens causing osteomyelitis. This study investigated pathogens causing osteomyelitis among patients undergoing orthopedic surgical treatment at Bugando Medical Centre. A cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to July 2018 among 74 patients with osteomyelitis who underwent surgical treatments at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania. Bone fragments were collected using sterile 10 ml of in-house prepared brain heart infusion broth (Oxoid, UK) during surgery. Specimens were processed according to standard operating procedures within an hour of collection. Data were analyzed using STATA 13.0. The median age of study participants was 12 with inter quartile range of 8–20 years. The majority 45 (60.8%) of participants were male. All 74 non-repetitive bone fragment specimens had positive culture, of which 17 had dual growth of bacteria resulting to 91 bacterial isolates. Out of 91 isolates, 63 (85.1%) were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of which 18 (28.6%) were confirmed to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Fever was significantly associated with Staphylococcal osteomyelitis (100% vs. 79.6%, p = 0.029). About one third of cases of Staphylococcal osteomyelitis in the current study were caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. There is a need of tailoring antibiotic management of osteomyelitis based on culture and sensitivity results for the better treatment outcome of the patients.

中文翻译：

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坦桑尼亚姆万扎一家三级医院的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起的骨髓炎

来自鼻窦或开放性伤口的液体/脓液的培养结果在确定骨髓炎的病因方面不可靠，因为表面污染物的污染几率很高。推荐将手术中获得的骨碎片作为理想的样本，以建立引起骨髓炎的病原体。这项研究调查了在Bugando医疗中心接受骨科手术治疗的患者中引起骨髓炎的病原体。从2017年12月至2018年7月，在坦桑尼亚Mwanza Bugando医疗中心接受手术治疗的74例骨髓炎患者中进行了一项基于医院的横断面研究。在手术过程中，使用无菌的10 ml内部准备的脑心浸液（Oxoid，UK）收集骨碎片。样品在收集后的一个小时内根据标准操作程序进行了处理。使用STATA 13.0分析数据。研究参与者的中位年龄为12岁，四分位间距为8-20岁。参与者中的大多数（45.8％）是男性。所有74个非重复性骨碎片标本均具有阳性培养，其中17个细菌双重生长，产生91个细菌分离株。在91株分离物中，有63株（85.1％）是金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus），其中18株（28.6％）被证实是耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌菌株。发烧与葡萄球菌性骨髓炎显着相关（100％比79.6％，p = 0.029）。当前研究中约三分之一的葡萄球菌性骨髓炎病例是由耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌引起的。