There has been an increase in children growing up in non-traditional families, such as single-parent and blended families. Children from such families have a higher prevalence of obesity and poorer health outcomes, but research on the relationship with obesogenic behaviours is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether there are associations between family structures and obesogenic behaviours and related family rules in European children and adolescents. The sample included 7664 children (mean age ± SD: 10.9 ± 2.9) from 4923 families who were participants of the multi-centre I.Family study (2013/2014) conducted in 8 European countries. Family structure was assessed by a detailed interview on kinship and household. Obesogenic behaviours (screen time, sleep duration, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)) and family rules (rules for computer and television, bedtime routine, availability of SSBs during meals) were determined by standardized questionnaires. Multilevel mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used to model the associations of family structure with obesogenic behaviours and family rules. Sex, age, parental education level, number of children and adults in the household and BMI z-score were covariates in the models. Two-parent biological families were set as the reference category. Children from single-parent families were less likely to have family rules regarding screen time (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40–0.94, p = 0.026) with higher reported hours of screen time per week (β = 2.70 h/week, 95% CI: 1.39–4.00, p < 0.001). The frequency of weekly SSB consumption differed by family structure in a sex-specific manner: girls from single-parent (β = 3.19 frequency/week, 95% CI: 0.91–5.47, p = 0.006) and boys from blended/adoptive families (β = 3.01 frequency/week, 95% CI: 0.99–5.03, p = 0.004) consumed more SSBs. Sleep duration, bedtime routines and availability of SSBs during meals did not differ between children from these family structures. Parental education did not modify any of these associations. Parents in non-traditional family structures appear to experience more difficulties in restricting screen time and the intake of SSBs in their children than parents in traditional two-parent family structures. Our findings therefore suggest that additional support and effective strategies for parents in non-traditional families may help to reduce obesogenic behaviours in children from such family types.

中文翻译：

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根据欧洲儿童的家庭结构进行的致肥胖行为和家庭规则的横断面研究。

在非传统家庭（例如单亲家庭和混血家庭）中成长的儿童有所增加。来自此类家庭的儿童肥胖症患病率较高，健康状况较差，但有关致肥胖行为关系的研究有限。因此，本研究的目的是调查欧洲儿童和青少年家庭结构与致肥胖行为及相关家庭规则之间是否存在关联。样本包括来自4923个家庭的7664名儿童（平均年龄±SD：10.9±2.9），他们是在8个欧洲国家/地区进行的多中心I.Family研究（2013/2014年）的参与者。通过对亲属和家庭的详细访谈评估了家庭结构。致肥胖行为（筛查时间，睡眠时间，含糖饮料（SSB）的消费量和家庭规则（计算机和电视规则，就寝时间，进餐时提供SSB的方法）由标准化问卷确定。使用多层次混合效应线性和逻辑回归模型来建模家庭结构与致肥胖行为和家庭规则的关联。在模型中，性别，年龄，父母的受教育程度，家庭中儿童和成人的数量以及BMI z得分是协变量。将两个父母的生物家族设置为参考类别。来自单亲家庭的孩子不太可能有关于筛查时间的家庭规则（OR：0.62，95％CI：0.40–0.94，p = 0.026），每周报告的筛查时间更长（β= 2.70 h / week， 95％CI：1.34-4.00，p <0.001）。每周食用SSB的频率因性别而异，具体取决于家庭结构：单亲家庭的女孩（β= 3.19频率/周，95％CI：0.91–5.47，p = 0.006）和混合/收养家庭的男孩（ β= 3.01频率/周，95％CI：0.99–5.03，p = 0.004）消耗了更多的SSB。这些家庭结构的孩子之间的睡眠时间，就寝时间例行程序以及进餐期间SSB的供应情况没有差异。父母教育并没有改变任何这些联系。与传统的双亲家庭结构中的父母相比，非传统家庭结构中的父母似乎在限制孩子的放映时间和SSB摄入方面遇到更多的困难。