BACKGROUND The (pro) renin receptor ((P)RR) plays important roles in various pathways, such as the Wnt/β-catenin, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, that are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes incorporating the tumorigenesis. However, our knowledge about (P) RR was mostly limited to its roles in cardiovascular and renal physiological functions and diseases. In the past 5 years, however, compelling evidence has revealed that (P) RR is aberrantly expressed in and contributes to the development of various cancers by different means. For instance, (P) RR was recently demonstrated to induce the oncogenesis of pancreatic, colorectal and brain cancers via the Wnt signaling, while promote the endometrial cancer and glioblastoma through the RAS. METHODS Combining with the deep analysis of big data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases, this review updates and summarizes the recent studies about the newly recognized roles of (P) RR in the pathophysiological processes of cancer development and its detailed functions through related pathways, as well as the novel research progress of (P) RR in related fields including the development and application of soluble (P) RR detection kit and monoclonal (P) RR antibody. RESULTS This review provides an overview of the essential roles of (P) RR in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers and offers a translational outlook for the future research and clinical practices. CONCLUSION (P) RR in the tumor tissues and/or body fluids of patients may be a novel and promising biomarker and potential therapeutic target for diagnosis, treatment and prognosis prediction in various cancers. Video Abstract.

中文翻译：

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（原）肾素受体：一种新型的生物标志物，是各种癌症的潜在治疗靶标。

背景技术（原）肾素受体（（P）RR）在各种途径中发挥重要作用，例如Wnt /β-catenin，肾素-血管紧张素系统（RAS），MAPK / ERK和PI3K / AKT / mTOR途径。参与与肿瘤发生有关的各种生理和病理过程。但是，我们对（P）RR的了解主要限于其在心血管和肾脏生理功能和疾病中的作用。但是，在过去的5年中，有力的证据表明（P）RR在各种癌症中异常表达，并通过不同的方式促进了各种癌症的发展。例如，最近证实（P）RR通过Wnt信号传导诱导胰腺癌，结肠直肠癌和脑癌的发生，同时通过RAS促进子宫内膜癌和胶质母细胞瘤。方法结合对癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）和基因型组织表达（GTEx）数据库的大数据的深入分析，本综述更新并总结了有关新认识的（P）RR在食管癌的病理生理过程中的最新研究。癌的发展及其通过相关途径的详细功能，以及（P）RR在相关领域的新研究进展，包括可溶性（P）RR检测试剂盒和单克隆（P）RR抗体的开发和应用。结果这篇综述概述了（P）RR在各种癌症的发生和发展中的重要作用，并为未来的研究和临床实践提供了翻译前景。结论（P）病人的肿瘤组织和/或体液中的RR可能是一种新颖而有前途的生物标志物，并且是各种癌症的诊断，治疗和预后预测的潜在治疗靶标。录像摘要。