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Specific chromatin landscapes and transcription factors couple breast cancer subtype with metastatic relapse to lung or brain.
BMC Medical Genomics ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-06 , DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0695-0
Wesley L Cai 1 , Celeste B Greer 1, 2 , Jocelyn F Chen 1 , Anna Arnal-Estapé 1, 3 , Jian Cao 1, 3, 4 , Qin Yan 1, 3, 5, 6 , Don X Nguyen 1, 3, 5, 6, 7
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Few somatic mutations have been linked to breast cancer metastasis, whereas transcriptomic differences among primary tumors correlate with incidence of metastasis, especially to the lungs and brain. However, the epigenomic alterations and transcription factors (TFs) which underlie these alterations remain unclear. METHODS To identify these, we performed RNA-seq, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq) and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) of the MDA-MB-231 cell line and its brain (BrM2) and lung (LM2) metastatic sub-populations. We incorporated ATAC-seq data from TCGA to assess metastatic open chromatin signatures, and gene expression data from human metastatic datasets to nominate transcription factor biomarkers. RESULTS Our integrated epigenomic analyses found that lung and brain metastatic cells exhibit both shared and distinctive signatures of active chromatin. Notably, metastatic sub-populations exhibit increased activation of both promoters and enhancers. We also integrated these data with chromosome conformation capture coupled with ChIP-seq (HiChIP) derived enhancer-promoter interactions to predict enhancer-controlled pathway alterations. We found that enhancer changes are associated with endothelial cell migration in LM2, and negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation in BrM2. Promoter changes are associated with vasculature development in LM2 and homophilic cell adhesion in BrM2. Using ATAC-seq, we identified a metastasis open-chromatin signature that is elevated in basal-like and HER2-enriched breast cancer subtypes and associates with worse prognosis in human samples. We further uncovered TFs associated with the open chromatin landscapes of metastatic cells and whose expression correlates with risk for metastasis. While some of these TFs are associated with primary breast tumor subtypes, others more specifically correlate with lung or brain metastasis. CONCLUSIONS We identify distinctive epigenomic properties of breast cancer cells that metastasize to the lung and brain. We also demonstrate that signatures of active chromatin sites are partially linked to human breast cancer subtypes with poor prognosis, and that specific TFs can independently distinguish lung and brain relapse.

中文翻译:

特定的染色质景观和转录因子将乳腺癌亚型与肺或脑转移性复发相结合。

背景 很少有体细胞突变与乳腺癌转移相关,而原发肿瘤之间的转录组差异与转移的发生率相关,尤其是转移到肺和脑。然而,作为这些改变基础的表观基因组改变和转录因子(TF)仍不清楚。方法为了识别这些,我们使用 MDA-MB-231 细胞系及其大脑 (BrM2) 的测序 (ATAC-seq) 进行了 RNA-seq、染色质免疫沉淀和测序 (ChIP-seq) 和转座酶可及染色质分析肺 (LM2) 转移亚群。我们结合了来自 TCGA 的 ATAC-seq 数据来评估转移性开放染色质特征,以及来自人类转移性数据集的基因表达数据以指定转录因子生物标志物。结果我们的综合表观基因组分析发现,肺和脑转移细胞表现出活性染色质的共同特征和独特特征。值得注意的是,转移性亚群表现出启动子和增强子的激活增加。我们还将这些数据与染色体构象捕获与 ChIP-seq (HiChIP) 衍生的增强子-启动子相互作用相结合,以预测增强子控制的通路改变。我们发现增强子的变化与 LM2 中的内皮细胞迁移和 BrM2 中上皮细胞增殖的负调节有关。启动子变化与 LM2 中的脉管系统发育和 BrM2 中的同质细胞粘附有关。使用 ATAC-seq,我们发现了一种转移开放染色质特征,该特征在基底样和富含 HER2 的乳腺癌亚型中升高,并且与人类样本中较差的预后相关。我们进一步发现了与转移细胞的开放染色质景观相关的 TF,其表达与转移风险相关。虽然这些 TF 中的一些与原发性乳腺肿瘤亚型相关,但其他一些更具体地与肺或脑转移相关。结论 我们确定了转移到肺和脑的乳腺癌细胞的独特表观基因组特性。我们还证明活性染色质位点的特征与预后不良的人类乳腺癌亚型部分相关,并且特定的 TF 可以独立区分肺和脑复发。我们进一步发现了与转移细胞的开放染色质景观相关的 TF,其表达与转移风险相关。虽然这些 TF 中的一些与原发性乳腺肿瘤亚型相关,但其他一些更具体地与肺或脑转移相关。结论 我们确定了转移到肺和脑的乳腺癌细胞的独特表观基因组特性。我们还证明活性染色质位点的特征与预后不良的人类乳腺癌亚型部分相关,并且特定的 TF 可以独立区分肺和脑复发。我们进一步发现了与转移细胞的开放染色质景观相关的 TF,其表达与转移风险相关。虽然这些 TF 中的一些与原发性乳腺肿瘤亚型相关,但其他一些更具体地与肺或脑转移相关。结论 我们确定了转移到肺和脑的乳腺癌细胞的独特表观基因组特性。我们还证明活性染色质位点的特征与预后不良的人类乳腺癌亚型部分相关,并且特定的 TF 可以独立区分肺和脑复发。其他更具体地与肺或脑转移相关。结论 我们确定了转移到肺和脑的乳腺癌细胞的独特表观基因组特性。我们还证明活性染色质位点的特征与预后不良的人类乳腺癌亚型部分相关,并且特定的 TF 可以独立区分肺和脑复发。其他更具体地与肺或脑转移相关。结论 我们确定了转移到肺和脑的乳腺癌细胞的独特表观基因组特性。我们还证明活性染色质位点的特征与预后不良的人类乳腺癌亚型部分相关,并且特定的 TF 可以独立区分肺和脑复发。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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