BACKGROUND Rabies is a deadly preventable viral disease that affects all warm-blooded animals and widespread in many regions including Africa. The disease remains of major public health importance in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to establish Knowledge, Attitude, Practice (KAP) of Rabies in Moyo and Ntoroko districts and to characterize Rabies virus (RABV) strains from seven districts of Uganda with consistent prevalence of rabies. METHODS KAP survey data were collected based on animal biting history by interviewing the head of the veterinary departments, the medical centers and selected households from the study sites. Data were obtained from 84 households in Ntoroko and Moyo districts. Thirty-five (35) brain samples were collected from bovine, dogs, goats, foxes, jackals ad sheep between 2011 and 2013. Samples were tested using fluorescent antibody test (FAT), One step RT-PCR (following RNA extraction) and partial RABV N gene was sequenced by Sanger method before phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of sequences. RESULTS Scarcity of post-exposure prophylaxis services in the health centers was noted. Poor attitude of wound washing and deficiency of knowledge on how to handle wounds related to dog bites and the significance among household participants lacked. There is a high risk of rabies infection due to a limited dog's vaccination. Dog biting episodes in humans were of 75.00 and 62.50% in Moyo and Ntoroko districts respectively. Twenty-seven (27) samples tested positive for rabies by FAT and PCR. Ugandan sequences were closely related (97% nucleotide id) to the rabies virus sequences from Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi, Nigeria, Central African Republic and Sudan with both the "Africa 1A" and "Africa 1B" RABV clades represented. A putative new clade 1D was also detected. CONCLUSIONS Rabies remains a public health hazard in Uganda. There is urgent need to establish advocacy programs in both schools and communities to curtail the spread of rabies. Increasing the knowledge regarding wound washing, post-exposure prophylaxis and dogs vaccination would enhance prevention of rabies. A strong collaboration between medical and veterinary sectors under a one health platform is required to ensure sufficient preventative services to the communities.

中文翻译：

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乌干达的狂犬病：狂犬病知识，态度和做法以及循环病毒株的分子特征。

背景技术狂犬病是一种致命的可预防的病毒性疾病，它影响所有温血动物，并在包括非洲在内的许多地区广泛传播。该病在乌干达仍然具有重要的公共卫生意义。这项研究的目的是在Moyo和Ntoroko地区建立狂犬病的知识，态度和实践（KAP），并表征狂犬病持续流行的乌干达七个地区的狂犬病病毒（RABV）毒株。方法通过对动物咬伤的历史进行采访，收集KAP调查数据，方法是采访研究部门的兽医部门负责人，医疗中心和部分住户。数据来自Ntoroko和Moyo地区的84户家庭。在2011年至2013年之间，从牛，狗，山羊，狐狸，jack狼和绵羊中收集了三十五（35）个脑样本。使用荧光抗体测试（FAT）对样品进行测试，一步进行RT-PCR（跟随RNA提取），并通过Sanger方法对RABV N基因的部分序列进行测序，然后进行系统进化和系统地理分析。结果注意到卫生中心缺乏接触后预防服务。缺乏对伤口清洗的态度以及对如何处理与狗咬伤有关的伤口的知识缺乏以及在家庭参与者中的重要性。由于狗的疫苗接种有限，狂犬病感染的风险很高。在Moyo和Ntoroko地区，狗咬人的发生率分别为75.00％和62.50％。通过FAT和PCR检测到二十七（27）个样本的狂犬病呈阳性。乌干达序列与来自坦桑尼亚，卢旺达，布隆迪，尼日利亚，中非共和国和苏丹以“非洲1A”和“非洲1B” RABV进化枝为代表。还检测到推定的新进化枝1D。结论狂犬病仍然是乌干达的公共健康危害。迫切需要在学校和社区建立宣传计划，以减少狂犬病的蔓延。增加有关伤口清洗，暴露后预防和狗疫苗接种的知识将增强狂犬病的预防。需要在一个卫生平台下进行医学和兽医部门之间的强有力合作，以确保为社区提供足够的预防服务。迫切需要在学校和社区建立宣传计划，以减少狂犬病的蔓延。增加有关伤口清洗，暴露后预防和狗疫苗接种的知识将增强狂犬病的预防。需要在一个卫生平台下在医学和兽医部门之间进行强有力的合作，以确保为社区提供足够的预防服务。迫切需要在学校和社区建立宣传计划，以减少狂犬病的蔓延。增加有关伤口清洗，暴露后预防和狗疫苗接种的知识将增强狂犬病的预防。需要在一个卫生平台下进行医学和兽医部门之间的强有力合作，以确保为社区提供足够的预防服务。