Fenclorim (Fen) can effectively protect rice from pretilachlor (Pre) injury, but its effects on rice have not been formally evaluated; thus, the Fen mode of action for alleviating the phytotoxicity caused by Pre in rice is not clear. This study aimed to examine the biochemical and physiological effects of Fen on rice and to determine the changes induced by Fen at the transcriptome level. The chlorophyll content of rice plants was significantly affected by Pre but not by Fen. The activity of oxidative stress enzymes showed that Fen did not elicit any changes in oxidative stress; however, it reduced lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage induced by Pre. Fen did not affect the uptake of Pre but did affect its persistence in rice. In a transcriptome experiment, Fen upregulated genes in a detoxification pathway. Overall, 25 genes related to detoxification were identified, including P450, GST, and GT. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis showed that four P450 genes, CYP71Y83, CYP71K14, CYP734A2 and CYP71D55, and two GST genes, GSTU16 and GSTF5, were upregulated by Fen and/or Pre. Our work indicates that Fen acts in antioxidative defense in addition to enhancing the metabolism of herbicides in rice.

中文翻译：

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苯丙草胺对水稻生理，基因转录和丙草胺解毒能力的影响

苯丙草胺（Fenclorim（Fen））可以有效保护稻米免受丙草胺（Pretilachlor（Pre））的伤害，但尚未正式评估其对稻米的影响。因此，减轻大米中Pre引起的植物毒性的Fen作用方式尚不清楚。这项研究旨在检查Fen对水稻的生化和生理作用，并确定Fen在转录组水平上引起的变化。稻的叶绿素含量受Pre的影响显着，但不受Fen的影响。氧化应激酶的活性表明Fen不会引起氧化应激的任何变化。但是，它减少了Pre引起的脂质过氧化和氧化损伤。芬不会影响对Pre的吸收，但会影响其在大米中的持久性。在转录组实验中，Fen在排毒途径中上调了基因。总体，鉴定了25个与排毒相关的基因，包括P450，GST和GT。此外，qRT-PCR分析显示，Fen和/或Pre上调了四个P450基因CYP71Y83，CYP71K14，CYP734A2和CYP71D55，以及两个GST基因GSTU16和GSTF5。我们的工作表明，除了增强水稻中除草剂的代谢外，Fen还具有抗氧化防御作用。