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Safe-by-Design of Glucan Nanoparticles: Size Matters When Assessing the Immunotoxicity.
Chemical Research in Toxicology ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-19 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00467
Mariana Colaço 1, 2 , Ana P Marques 1 , Sandra Jesus 1 , Alana Duarte 1, 2 , Olga Borges 1, 2
Affiliation  

Glucan (from Alcaligenes faecalis) is a polymer composed of β-1,3-linked glucose residues, and it has been addressed in different medical fields, namely in nanotechnology, as a vaccine or a drug delivery system. However, due to their small size, nanomaterials may present new risks and uncertainties. Thus, this work aims to describe the production of glucan nanoparticles (NPs) with two different sizes, and to evaluate the influence of the NPs size on immunotoxicity. Results showed that, immediately after production, glucan NPs presented average sizes of 129.7 ± 2.5 and 355.4 ± 41.0 nm. Glucan NPs of 130 nm presented greater ability to decrease human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and macrophage viability and to induce reactive oxygen species production than glucan NPs of 355 nm. Both NP sizes caused hemolysis and induced a higher metabolic activity in lymphocytes, although the concentration required to observe such effect was lower for the 130 nm glucan NPs. Regarding pro-inflammatory cytokines, only the larger glucan NPs (355 nm) were able to induce the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, probably due to their recognition by dectin-1. This higher immunomodulatory effect of the larger NPs was also observed in its ability to stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) and IL-1β. On the contrary, a small amount of Glu 130 NPs inhibited NO production. In conclusion, on the safe-by-design of glucan NPs, the size of the particles should be an important critical quality attribute to guarantee the safety and effectiveness of the nanomedicine.

中文翻译:

安全设计的葡聚糖纳米颗粒:评估免疫毒性时的大小很重要。

葡聚糖(来自粪便产碱杆菌)是一种由β-1,3-连接的葡萄糖残基组成的聚合物,在不同的医学领域,即纳米技术中,它已被用作疫苗或药物输送系统。但是,由于纳米材料尺寸小,可能会带来新的风险和不确定性。因此,这项工作旨在描述具有两种不同大小的葡聚糖纳米颗粒(NP)的生产,并评估NPs大小对免疫毒性的影响。结果表明,刚生产后,葡聚糖NP的平均粒径为129.7±2.5和355.4±41.0 nm。130nm的葡聚糖NPs比355nm的葡聚糖NPs具有更大的减少人外周血单个核细胞和巨噬细胞活力并诱导产生活性氧的能力。两种NP大小均会引起溶血并诱导淋巴细胞具有更高的代谢活性,尽管对于130 nm葡聚糖NP而言,观察到这种作用所需的浓度较低。关于促炎细胞因子,只有较大的葡聚糖NP(355 nm)才能够诱导IL-6和TNF-α的分泌,这可能是由于它们被dectin-1识别的缘故。还观察到较大的NP的较高的免疫调节作用,其刺激一氧化氮(NO)和IL-1β产生的能力。相反,少量的Glu 130 NP抑制NO的产生。总之,就葡聚糖纳米粒的安全设计而言,颗粒的大小应是保证纳米药物安全性和有效性的重要的重要质量属性。尽管对于130 nm葡聚糖NPs观察到这种效果所需的浓度较低。关于促炎细胞因子,只有较大的葡聚糖NP(355 nm)才能够诱导IL-6和TNF-α的分泌,这可能是由于它们被dectin-1识别的缘故。还观察到较大的NP的这种较高的免疫调节作用,其具有刺激一氧化氮(NO)和IL-1β产生的能力。相反,少量的Glu 130 NP抑制NO的产生。总之,就葡聚糖纳米粒的安全设计而言,颗粒的大小应是保证纳米药物安全性和有效性的重要的关键质量属性。尽管对于130 nm葡聚糖NPs观察到这种效果所需的浓度较低。关于促炎细胞因子,只有较大的葡聚糖NP(355 nm)才能够诱导IL-6和TNF-α的分泌,这可能是由于它们被dectin-1识别的缘故。还观察到较大的NP的这种较高的免疫调节作用,其具有刺激一氧化氮(NO)和IL-1β产生的能力。相反,少量的Glu 130 NP抑制NO的产生。总之,就葡聚糖纳米粒的安全设计而言,颗粒的大小应是保证纳米药物安全性和有效性的重要的关键质量属性。可能是由于dectin-1对它们的认可。还观察到较大的NP的这种较高的免疫调节作用,其具有刺激一氧化氮(NO)和IL-1β产生的能力。相反,少量的Glu 130 NP抑制NO的产生。总之,就葡聚糖纳米粒的安全设计而言,颗粒的大小应是保证纳米药物安全性和有效性的重要的关键质量属性。可能是由于dectin-1对它们的认可。还观察到较大的NP的这种较高的免疫调节作用,其具有刺激一氧化氮(NO)和IL-1β产生的能力。相反,少量的Glu 130 NP抑制NO的产生。总之,就葡聚糖纳米粒的安全设计而言,颗粒的大小应是保证纳米药物安全性和有效性的重要的关键质量属性。
更新日期:2020-04-23
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